Genetic sex determination in three closely related hydrothermal vent gastropods, including one species with intersex individuals.

Molluscs have undergone many transitions between separate sexes and hermaphroditism, which is of interest in studying the evolution of sex determination and differentiation. Here, we combined multi-locus genotypes obtained from restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing with anatomical observations of the gonads of three deep-sea hydrothermal vent gastropods of the genus Alviniconcha living in the southwest Pacific. We found that all three species (Alviniconcha boucheti, Alviniconcha strummeri, and Alviniconcha kojimai) share the same male-heterogametic XY sex-determination system but that the gonads of XX A.

Interplay between the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Alveolata) and the cyst formation of the red tide dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea.

Syndiniales (Alveolata) are marine parasites of a wide range of hosts, from unicellular organisms to Metazoa. Many Syndiniales obligatorily kill their hosts to accomplish their life cycle. This is the case for Amoebophrya spp.

Hydrolysis of the amyloid prion protein and nonpathogenic meat and bone meal by anaerobic thermophilic prokaryotes and streptomyces subspecies.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by accumulation of highly resistant misfolded amyloid prion protein PrPres and can be initiated by penetration of such pathogen molecules from infected tissue to intact organism. Decontamination of animal meal containing amyloid prion protein is proposed thanks to the use of proteolytic enzymes secreted by thermophilic bacteria Thermoanaerobacter, Thermosipho, and Thermococcus subsp. and mesophilic soil bacteria Streptomyces subsp.

Tepidibacter formicigenes sp. nov., a novel spore-forming bacterium isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent.

A novel anaerobic, Gram-positive, sporulating and strictly chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium, designated strain DV1184(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent sample from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The cells were short, straight rods (4 micro m long and 0.8 micro m wide) and were motile with peritrichous flagella.

Clostridium caminithermale sp. nov., a slightly halophilic and moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from an Atlantic deep-sea hydrothermal chimney.

A strictly anaerobic, slightly halophilic and moderately thermophilic, sporulating rod designated strain DVird3T was isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent samples collected at a depth of approximately 800 m on the Atlantic Ocean Ridge. Strain DVird3T possessed a few laterally inserted flagella, had a DNA G + C content of 33.1 mol% and grew optimally at pH 6.

Genetic diversity and molecular detection of three toxic dinoflagellate genera (Alexandrium, Dinophysis, and Karenia) from French coasts.

The objectives of this study were 1) to study the genetic diversity of the Alexandrium, Dinophysis and Karenia genera along the French coasts in order to design probes targeting specific DNA regions, and 2) to apply PCR-based detection to detect these three toxic dinoflagellate genera in natural samples. Genetic diversity of these toxic taxa was first studied from either cultures or cells isolated from Lugol-fixed field samples. By this way, partial sequences of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU rDNA) including the variable domains D1 and D2 of A.

Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium isolated from an East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent.

A novel thermophilic, anaerobic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain AM1116T, was isolated from an East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent sample. The cells were rod-shaped (1.01-5 x 0.

Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum sp. nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent at Guaymas Basin, and emendation of the genus Thermodesulfobacterium.

A thermophilic, non-spore-forming, marine, sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain SL6T, was isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal sulfides collected at Guaymas Basin. The gram-negative-staining cells occurred singly or in pairs as small, highly motile rods. The temperature range for growth was 50-80 degrees C with an optimum at 75 degrees C.