Correlation between serum and saliva sex hormones in young female athletes.

Background: Saliva sampling provides a practical noninvasive way for biological monitoring of steroid hormones but few studies have focused on saliva sex hormones in female athletes, and it is still unknown whether salivary concentrations are an accurate reflection of blood concentrations in this population. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the correlation between serum and saliva estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PG) in 10 young female athletes with normal menstrual cycle.

Methods: Thirty blood and saliva samples were taken at rest in a fasting state in order to analyze E2 and PG concentrations, during 3 different hormonal periods: Status 1: low E2 and low PG (end luteal/early follicular); Status 2: high E2 and low PG (end follicular/peri-ovulatory); Status 3: high PG (mid-luteal).

Paris air quality monitoring for the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics: focus on air pollutants and pollen.

Background: Exposure to air pollution can affect the health of individuals with respiratory disease, but may also impede the health and performance of athletes. This is potentially relevant for people travelling to and competing in the Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG) in Paris. We describe anticipated air quality in Paris based on historical monitoring data and describe the impact of the process on the development of monitoring strategies for future international sporting events.

Environmental challenges facing athletes, stakeholders and spectators at Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games: an evidence-based review of mitigation strategies and recommendations.

The upcoming Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games could face environmental challenges related to heat, air quality and water quality. These challenges will pose potential threats to athletes and impact thousands of stakeholders and millions of spectators. Recognising the multifaceted nature of these challenges, a range of strategies will be essential for mitigating adverse effects on participants, stakeholders and spectators alike.

Physical activity and combined hormonal contraception: association with female students' perception of menstrual symptoms.

The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) on female students' self perceptio of their menstrual cycle symptoms. Healthy French female students ( = 834) completed an online questionnaire to assess their PA level (Group 1: non-active; Group 2: moderate physical activity; Group 3: high physical activity; Group 4: very high physical activity), menstrual status or contraception use, self-reported diet and medication, impact on engagement in some social activities, and self-assessment of perceived mental and physical symptoms during the week prior to menses (PM) for students with a normal menstrual cycle (NMC), and the week of menses (ME) for normal menstrual cycle students and those using combined hormonal contraception. : Whatever the conditions (PM and ME, NMC and CHC), fewer self-perceived symptoms and self-reported alteration in fat intake were reported by the students in Group 4, and more analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication use was reported by Group 1.

Diagnostic approach to lower airway dysfunction in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on 'acute respiratory illness in the athlete'.

Objectives: To compare the performance of various diagnostic bronchoprovocation tests (BPT) in the assessment of lower airway dysfunction (LAD) in athletes and inform best clinical practice.

Design: Systematic review with sensitivity and specificity meta-analyses.

Data Sources: PubMed, EBSCOhost and Web of Science (1 January 1990-31 December 2021).

Personal strategies to mitigate the effects of air pollution exposure during sport and exercise: a narrative review and position statement by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine and the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology.

Air pollution is among the leading environmental threats to health around the world today, particularly in the context of sports and exercise. With the effects of air pollution, pollution episodes (eg, wildfire conflagrations) and climate change becoming increasingly apparent to the general population, so have their impacts on sport and exercise. As such, there has been growing interest in the sporting community (ie, athletes, coaches, and sports science and medicine team members) in practical personal-level actions to reduce the exposure to and risk of air pollution.

International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 1: acute respiratory infections.

Acute illnesses affecting the respiratory tract are common and form a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. Acute respiratory illness (ARill) can broadly be classified as non-infective ARill and acute respiratory infections (ARinf). The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to ARinf in athletes.

Diagnosis and management of allergy and respiratory disorders in sport: An EAACI task force position paper.

Allergy and respiratory disorders are common in young athletic individuals. In the context of elite sport, it is essential to secure an accurate diagnosis in order to optimize health and performance. It is also important, however, to consider the potential impact or consequences of these disorders, in recreationally active individuals engaging in structured exercise and/or physical activity to maintain health and well-being across the lifespan.

International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 2: non-infective acute respiratory illness.

Acute respiratory illness (ARill) is common and threatens the health of athletes. ARill in athletes forms a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to non-infective ARill in athletes.

Environmental factors associated with non-infective acute respiratory illness in athletes: A systematic review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus group on "acute respiratory illness in the athlete".

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review the evidence available suggesting that environmental conditions represent a risk factor associated with non-infective acute respiratory illness in athletes.

Design: Systematic review.

Methods: PubMed, EBSCOhost and Web of Science (1st January 1990-31 July 2020) were searched systematically using keywords related to male and female athletes (i.

Is airway damage during physical exercise related to airway dehydration? Inputs from a computational model.

In healthy subjects, at low minute ventilation (V̇e) during physical exercise, the water content and temperature of the airways are well regulated. However, with the increase in V̇e, the bronchial mucosa becomes dehydrated and epithelial damage occurs. Our goal was to demonstrate the correspondence between the ventilatory threshold inducing epithelial damage, measured experimentally, and the dehydration threshold, estimated numerically.

Serum and sputum MMP-9/TIMP-1 in winter sports athletes and swimmers: relationships with airway function.

Introduction: Skiers and swimmers present characteristics of airway inflammation and remodelling of the extracellular matrix similar to what is observed in mild asthma. We aimed to compare serum and sputum MMP-9/TIMP-1 levels, to assess the balance between airway fibrogenesis and inflammation process in both categories of athletes, and to observe its seasonal variations in winter sports athletes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study.

Prevalence of lower airway dysfunction in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis by a subgroup of the IOC consensus group on 'acute respiratory illness in the athlete'.

Objective: To report the prevalence of lower airway dysfunction in athletes and highlight risk factors and susceptible groups.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: PubMed, EBSCOhost and Web of Science (1 January 1990 to 31 July 2020).

The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

Female athletes have garnered considerable attention in the last few years as more and more women participate in sports events. However, despite the well-known repercussions of female sex hormones, few studies have investigated the specificities of elite female athletes. In this review, we present the current but still limited data on how normal menstrual phases, altered menstrual phases, and hormonal contraception affect both physical and cognitive performances in these elite athletes.

Physiological comparison of intensity-controlled, isocaloric intermittent and continuous exercise.

VO2 fluctuations are argued to be an important mechanism underpinning chronic adaptations following interval training. We compared the effect of exercise modality, continuous vs. intermittent realized at a same intensity, on electrical muscular activity, muscular oxygenation and on whole body oxygen uptake.

Cardiorespiratory adaptation during 6-Minute Walk Test in fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients who did or did not respond to pulmonary rehabilitation.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves performance in the 6-min walk test (6MWT) in a subset of patients with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (f-IIP); however, a large proportion of patients does not respond to PR.

Aim: To investigate the effects of a PR program on cardiorespiratory responses during a 6MWT and to identify the characteristics of patients who do not show improved performance after PR.

Design: An observational study.

Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction and the Air We Breathe.

An association between airway dysfunction and airborne pollutant inhalation exists. Volatilized airborne fluorocarbons in ski wax rooms, particulate matter, and trichloromines in indoor environments are suspect to high prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and new-onset asthma in athletes competing in cross-country skiing, ice rink sports, and swimming. Ozone is implicated in acute decreases in lung function and the development of new-onset asthma from exposure during exercise.

Allergies and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in a Youth Academy and Reserve Professional Soccer Team.

Objectives: A high prevalence of respiratory allergies and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) has been reported among endurance athletes. This study was designed to analyze the frequency of sensitization to respiratory allergens and EIB in young soccer players.

Design: Prospective cohort design.

Cardiorespiratory Response to Different Exercise Tests in Interstitial Lung Disease.

Introduction: The 6-min stepper test (6MST) has been used as an alternative to the 6-min walk test (6MWT) to assess exercise tolerance in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Recent data suggest that the tests may involve different energy pathways and cardiorespiratory responses. We thus aimed to compare the cardiorespiratory responses of ILD patients during the 6MWT and the 6MST.

Effect of work:rest cycle duration on [Formula: see text] fluctuations during intermittent exercise.

The succession of on-transient phases that induce a repetition of metabolic changes is a possible mechanism responsible for the greater response to intermittent training (IT). The objective of this study was to quantify [Formula: see text] fluctuations during intermittent exercise characterised by the same work:rest ratio, but different durations and identify which duration leads to the greatest fluctuations. Ten participants (24 ± 5 years; [Formula: see text]: 42 ± 7 mL·min·kg) performed (1) an incremental test to exhaustion to determine peak work rate (WR) and oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), (2), and three 1 h intermittent exercises alternating work period at 70% WR with passive recovery period of different 1:1 work:recovery duty cycles (30 s:30 s, 60 s:60 s, 120 s:120 s).

A charter for biomedical research ethics in a progressive, caring society.

Background: Given that advances in research continuously raise new ethical issues, a multidisciplinary working group of investigators involved in biomedical research has gathered to discuss and compare ethical viewpoints in their daily practice.

Methods: The working group has drafted a Charter for Ethics in Biomedical Research that encompasses all the steps in the research process, i.e.

Exercise-induced metabolic fluctuations influence AMPK, p38-MAPK and CaMKII phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle.

During transition from rest to exercise, metabolic reaction rates increase substantially to sustain intracellular ATP use. These metabolic demands activate several kinases that initiate signal transduction pathways which modulate transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether metabolic fluctuations per se affect the signaling cascades known to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α).