Adolescent total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Management of adolescent patients with end-stage arthritis is challenging. Nonoperative treatments may be ineffective and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is rarely performed. Currently, minimal long-term data are available on the outcomes in this patient population.

Copper levels in cholestatic infants on parenteral nutrition.

Background: Copper levels are primarily regulated by biliary excretion. In cholestatic patients, there is a concern that the standard dose of copper in parenteral nutrition (PN) will result in excessive copper levels. This study looked retrospectively at cholestatic infants receiving PN with measured copper levels to ascertain if this is an actual clinical concern.