Objective: The drug-resistant epilepsy associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) has a long-term effect on patients and is difficult to treat with conventional pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. Our objective is to demonstrate that adjunctive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can help manage the seizures associated with LGS.
Methods: CORE-VNS (NCT03529045) is a prospective, multicenter, multinational observational study to collect data on seizure and nonseizure outcomes following treatment with VNS.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major public health problem. Immune evasion mechanisms and antibiotic resistance highlight the need to better understand this disease and explore alternative treatment approaches. Mycobacterial infection modulates the macrophage response and metabolism to persist and proliferate inside the cell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFollowing the approval of Epidiolex® (cannabidiol; CBD) for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), Dravet syndrome (DS), and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), healthcare professionals (HCPs) have had substantial experience in treating patients with Epidiolex. However, confusion still remains among HCPs, caregivers, and patients regarding dosing, drug interactions, safety monitoring, and differentiation between Epidiolex and nonapproved CBD products. To establish consensus recommendations for Epidiolex treatment optimization in LGS, DS, and TSC, a panel of seven HCPs with expertise in epilepsy was convened.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe human gut microbiome is a promising therapeutic target, but interventions are hampered by our limited understanding of microbial ecosystems. Here, we present a platform to develop, evaluate, and score approaches to learn ecological interactions from microbiome time series data. The microbiome time series inference standardized test (MTIST) comprises: a simulation framework for the generation of microbiome study data akin to what is obtained with quantitative next-generation sequencing approaches, a compilation of a large curated data set generated by the simulation framework representing 648 simulated microbiome studies containing 18,360 time series, with a total of 2,182,800 species abundance measurements, and a scoring method to rank ecological inference algorithms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
May 2023
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the spread of abundant misinformation by the media, which caused fear and concern.
Objective: To determine the association between the pathologies of the mental sphere and the perceptions of fear and exaggeration transmitted by the media with respect to COVID-19 in Latin America.
Methodology: The present study has an analytical cross-sectional design that is based on a validated survey to measure fear and exaggeration transmitted by the media and other sources (Cronbach's α: 0.
Unlabelled: The long duration of the COVID-19 pandemic allowed for multiple bursts in the infection and death rates, the so-called epidemic waves. This complex behavior is no longer tractable by simple compartmental model and requires more sophisticated mathematical techniques for analyzing epidemic data and generating reliable forecasts. In this work, we propose a framework for analyzing complex dynamical systems by dividing the data in consecutive time-windows to be separately analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy System (VNS Therapy) is an adjunctive neuromodulatory therapy that can be efficacious in reducing the frequency and severity of seizures in people with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). CORE-VNS aims to examine the long-term safety and clinical outcomes of VNS in people with DRE.
Methods And Analysis: The CORE-VNS study is an international, multicentre, prospective, observational, all-comers, post-market registry.
We investigated the presence and influence of fetal microchimerism in the cardiac tissue of mated female mice submitted to experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Nulliparous BALB/c females and BALB/c females mated with either BALB/c males (syngeneic mating) or C57BL/6 males (allogeneic mating) were immunized with cardiac myosin peptide MyHC-α or kept as non-immunized controls. Immunization occurred 6-8 weeks after delivery and mice were assessed after 21 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Pharmacol
May 2020
Objectives: Neuropsychiatric adverse effects (NPAE) related to efavirenz, mainly dizziness, is detrimental to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment. Our study aims at evaluating if zidovudine use potentiates the risk of dizziness related to efavirenz when used together and whether there are significant differences in over time distribution of this NPAE and others relatively frequents regarding efavirenz regimen without zidovudine.
Methods: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients under efavirenz-containing different therapy were enrolled.
Early diagnosis remains the cornerstone of management of Fournier's gangrene. As a result of variable progression of disease, identifying early predictors of necrosis becomes a diagnostic challenge. We present a scoring system based on objective admission criteria, which can help distinguish Fournier's gangrene from nonnecrotizing scrotal infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is unclear when the synovial-based inflammatory process of gout begins. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of patients with inter-critical gout who have chronic synovial-based inflammation as evidenced by synovial pannus on a contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their most involved joint and determine if the presence and/or severity correlates with their serum urate levels. All patients received a 3 T MRI of their index joint, serum urate level, CRP, and creatinine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndothelial dysfunction, a marker for atherosclerosis and hence arterial disease, has recently been proffered as the main offender within the vascular system to predict not only the future onset of erectile dysfunction (ED) but also as the main cause of the ED. To glean more insight into whether arterial disease is indeed operative during the early onset of ED, we reviewed the duplex ultrasound scans of 23 men with ED who were younger than 50 years of age. Depending on the criteria used for abnormal arterial responses, it was determined in this cohort of young men that there was only a 4-13% incidence of abnormal arterial responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRefractory status epilepticus (RSE) occurs when status epilepticus (SE) fails to respond to appropriate therapy with typical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Animal studies have shown ketamine to be a highly efficacious agent in this setting, but very few case reports describe use of ketamine in human SE or RSE. We report a retrospective review of 11 patients who were treated for RSE with ketamine infusion in addition to other standard AEDs over a nine-year period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRefractory status epilepticus (RSE) occurs in patients with SE when they fail to respond to traditional medical therapy. Because there are very few case reports of topiramate (TPM) treatment of RSE in adult patients, we examined our experience with TPM with regard to its safety and efficacy in seizure termination in RSE in an adult patient population. We report a retrospective review of 35 adult patients with RSE who were treated with TPM in addition to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) between 2003 and 2010.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Importance: Status epilepticus (SE) refractory to medical treatment has a high mortality rate and few effective treatments.
Clinical Presentation: We describe the implantation of a vagal nerve stimulator to help terminate a case of refractory SE. A 23-year-old man was in SE for 3 weeks without being able to be weaned from intravenous anesthetic agents.
Information obtained during psychological evaluations of 93 patients with epileptic events (EEs) and 63 with nonepileptic events (NEEs) was used to test the relative contributions of multiple risk factors to prediction of NEEs during video/EEG monitoring. The best group of independent predictors of NEEs comprised: (1) age at first spell, (2) symptoms of a psychiatric diagnosis other than anxiety or depression, (3) marital instability, (4) symptoms of an anxiety disorder other than panic disorder, and (5) years of education. Report of childhood abuse or neglect and taking psychotropic medication correlated with most of the other risk factors for NEEs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and validate an offline, automated scalp EEG-based seizure detection system and to compare its performance to commercially available seizure detection software.
Methods: The test seizure detection system, IdentEvent™, was developed to enhance the efficiency of post-hoc long-term EEG review in epilepsy monitoring units. It translates multi-channel scalp EEG signals into multiple EEG descriptors and recognizes ictal EEG patterns.
Objective: Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae are known triggers of reactive arthritis (ReA) and exist in a persistent metabolically active infection state in the synovium, suggesting that they may be susceptible to antimicrobial agents. The goal of this study was to investigate whether a 6-month course of combination antibiotics is an effective treatment for patients with chronic Chlamydia-induced ReA.
Methods: This study was a 9-month, prospective, double-blind, triple-placebo trial assessing a 6-month course of combination antibiotics as a treatment for Chlamydia-induced ReA.
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of occult destructive arthropathy in subjects with gout and normal plain radiographs by utilizing MRI and ultrasound (US).
Methods: The study consisted of two visits. At Visit 1, a plain radiograph of the 'index joint' was obtained.
Objective: The majority of patients with Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis do not present with the classic triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis/iritis, and urethritis. Moreover, acute chlamydial infections are often asymptomatic. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of synovial Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in patients with chronic undifferentiated spondylarthritis (uSpA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To present any congenital anomalies with respect to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to determine if there are common findings.
Methods: A review of the FDA database of reported adverse events with etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab from 1999 through December of 2005 was performed. Key words for congenital anomalies were employed as search tools.
Objective: Males with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for developing osteoporosis (OP) with subsequent vertebral compression fractures. Such fractures with resultant increased thoracic kyphotic angle (TKA) may interfere with these patients' already compromised pulmonary function. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the recognition and treatment of vertebral fractures in male patients with COPD.
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