Perceptions of primary health care professionals from Brazil about the food and nutrition monitoring system.

The main factors related to the lack of coverage in Health Information Systems are concentrated in the scarce and incipient training of health professionals regarding the collection and typing of data, as well as the importance of using information. The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions of primary health care professionals from Brazil about the functioning of the Food and Nutritional Monitoring System (SISVAN). Multicentric qualitative study, carried out with 38 health professionals in Basic Health Units (BHU) in five regions around the country.

Exploring the Associations between Media and Instagram Interaction Patterns with Weight Bias among Undergraduate Nutrition Students in the Brazilian Nutritionists' Health Study.

This study examined the association between media and Instagram interaction patterns with weight bias among undergraduate nutrition students in the Brazilian Nutritionists' Health Study. We also explored the potential mediating role of students' own body image perception in these relationships. A total of 406 students (78% women) participated in this cross-sectional analysis.

The effect modification of occupational social class in the association between sex and type 2 diabetes: results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

We evaluated data from 14,156 baseline participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) collected from 2008 to 2010, to analyze the effect modification of occupational social class on the association between sex and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. The crude and age-adjusted prevalence, according to sex and occupational social class, were estimated using generalized linear models with binomial distribution and logarithmic link function. This model was also used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), adjusting for age group, race/skin color, and maternal education.

Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) coverage, nutritional status of older adults and its relationship with social inequalities in Brazil, 2008-2019: an ecological time-series study.

Objective: to analyze the temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN) coverage and the nutritional status of older adults, and its correlation with indicators of social inequality in Brazil between 2008-2019.

Methods: this was an ecological study using records from SISVAN, related to the population aged 60 years and older; the temporal trend of coverage and the correlation between indicators of social inequality and increment rate of nutritional status were analyzed; slope index of inequality and concentration index were used to measure absolute and relative inequalities.

Results: 11,587,933 records were identified; national coverage increased from 0.

Dietary patterns of Brazilian adults in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018.

Objectives: To identify dietary patterns among Brazilian adults based on the National Dietary Surveys (INA - Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação) in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018, and to verify in the second period the adherence to the patterns according to sociodemographic factors and Brazilian regions.

Methods: We analyzed the first of two days of adults' food consumption (19-59 years) in INA data from 2008-2009 (n = 21,630) and 2017-2018 (n = 28,901). Dietary patterns were derived by exploratory factor analysis from 19 food groups, considering the complexity of the sample design.

Household pesticide exposure: an online survey and shelf research in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study aimed to estimate household pesticide exposure in adult individuals in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to verify the accessibility of these products in local and online businesses. The data were collected by an online questionnaire (1,015 responses) and a shelf survey in physical and online stores. Among the responses analyzed, 87.

Breakfast patterns and weight status among adolescents: a study on the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2008-2009.

Examining the composition of breakfast concerning weight status is essential for evaluating adolescent health and understanding this gap. This study aimed to identify breakfast patterns and investigate the relationship with weight status among Brazilian adolescents. We used a subsample of 7425 adolescents aged 10-19 years from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey.

Reducing socio-economic inequalities in all-cause mortality: a counterfactual mediation approach.

Background: Socio-economic inequalities in mortality are well established, yet the contribution of intermediate risk factors that may underlie these relationships remains unclear. We evaluated the role of multiple modifiable intermediate risk factors underlying socio-economic-associated mortality and quantified the potential impact of reducing early all-cause mortality by hypothetically altering socio-economic risk factors.

Methods: Data were from seven cohort studies participating in the LIFEPATH Consortium (total n = 179 090).

Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis: differences and similarities in Nutritional Epidemiology application.

Introduction: Statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA) are increasingly popular in Nutritional Epidemiology studies. However, misunderstandings regarding the choice and application of these methods have been observed.

Objectives: This study aims to compare and present the main differences and similarities between FA and PCA, focusing on their applicability to nutritional studies.

Structural equation modeling of associations between night work and glycemic levels.

Objective: Different pathways may lead from night work to metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to explore the direct and indirect pathways from night work to glycemic levels, considering the role of physical activity, waist circumference and snacking using data from ELSA-Brasil.

Materials And Methods: A structural equation model was used to confirm the pathways from night work to glycemic levels.

Tuberculosis and its associated factors in a city in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro.

Introduction: The occurrence of tuberculosis has been related to the spatial organization and improvement of the living conditions of the population. However, this relationship is not directly related and tuberculosis illness involves processes at different levels of organization.

Method: An ecological study analyzing the relationship between living conditions and tuberculosis in the city of Niteroi, Brazil.

Breakfast patterns and their association with body mass index in Brazilian adults.

The objective was to investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI), skipping breakfast, and breakfast patterns in Brazilian adults. We analyzed data of 21,003 individuals aged between 20 to 59 from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2008-2009. Breakfast was defined as the eating occasion between 5 and 10a.

Lunch quality and sociodemographic conditions between Brazilian regions.

The objective of this study was to assess the quality of lunch consumed by adults in Brazil and its sociodemographic determinants in each Brazilian region. A cross-sectional study was carried out and a representative sample of regional populations was used. The sample comprised of 16,096 adults from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey, part of the Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF).

The association between obesity and race among Brazilian adults is dependent on sex and socio-economic status.

Objective: To verify the association of race, independent of socio-economic status (SES), with obesity among Brazilian adults.

Design: We investigated data from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Obesity was defined using the WHO classification.

The experience of an Academic League: the positive impact on knowledge about trauma and emergency.

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge growth of the members of the Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency League in comparison with a nonparticipating group, with similar characteristics, at the Fluminense Federal University.

Methods: we evaluated 50 league members and 50 non-members (control group) through questionnaires applied at the beginning and end of a school year. We used a generalized linear model, with interaction effect between groups and tests (multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction).

Design of a school randomized trial for nudging students towards healthy diet and physical activity to prevent obesity: PAAPAS Nudge study protocol.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nudge activities at school on the students' body mass index (BMI).

Design: School-based factorial randomized community trial.

Setting: Eighteen public schools in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The traditional lunch pattern is inversely correlated with body mass index in a population-based study in Brazil.

Background: The association of obesity and dietary patterns has been well documented in scientific literature; however, information on the impact of meal patterns on obesity is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of adherence to lunch patterns and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of individuals aged 20 years or older in Sao Paulo.

Methods: Data for 933 participants were retrieved from the Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2008), a cross-sectional population-based survey.

Correction of diet-outcome association for day-to-day variance in dietaray intake: performance evaluation by simulation.

The use of one or a few 24-hour recalls (24hR) to measure dietary exposure in models to estimate diet-outcome association leads to attenuation of the measure of association and a decrease in the test's power. This is due to daily variation in food intake. The measure of association can be corrected using regression calibration and requires at least one repetition of the 24hR in a subsample of the study population.

Examining associations between dietary patterns and metabolic CVD risk factors: a novel use of structural equation modelling.

The association between dietary patterns and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence towards the effects of the overall diet on the complex net of biological inter-relationships between risk factors. This study aimed to derive dietary patterns and examine their associations with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors following a theoretic model for the relationship between them. Participants included 417 adults of both sexes, enrolled to the cross-sectional population-based study performed in Brazil.

Empirically derived dietary patterns: interpretability and construct validity according to different factor rotation methods.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of factor rotation methods on interpretability and construct validity of dietary patterns derived in a representative sample of 1,102 Brazilian adults. Dietary patterns were derived from exploratory factor analysis. Orthogonal (varimax) and oblique rotations (promax, direct oblimin) were applied.

Sex differences in serum leptin and its relation to markers of cardiometabolic risk in middle-aged adults: evidence from a population-based study.

Objective: At elevated concentrations, circulating leptin has been associated with metabolic disturbances, namely insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Because women have higher leptin concentrations than men, it is possible that the effects of leptin on the metabolic profile are different between the sexes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether leptin is one of the key hormones to sex affect differences in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic risk.

A mixed-effect model for positive responses augmented by zeros.

In this research article, we propose a class of models for positive and zero responses by means of a zero-augmented mixed regression model. Under this class, we are particularly interested in studying positive responses whose distribution accommodates skewness. At the same time, responses can be zero, and therefore, we justify the use of a zero-augmented mixture model.