Orientation of human semicircular canals measured by three-dimensional multiplanar CT reconstruction.

Analysis of vestibulo-ocular reflex experiments requires knowledge of the absolute orientations (with respect to skull landmarks) of semicircular canals (SCC). Data relating SCC orientations to accessible skull landmarks in humans are sparse, apart from a classic study of 10 skulls, which concluded that the horizontal and anterior SCC are not mutually orthogonal (111 +/- 7.6 degrees).

Superior canal dehiscence is not due to cephalic displacement of the labyrinth.

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome may have a congenital basis. CT scans of 44 control and 21 dehiscent superior canals were examined to determine if dehiscent canals were more cephalically placed or vertically oriented than control canals. Results showed that neither was the case.

IL-6-independent expression of Mcl-1 in human multiple myeloma.

Mcl-1 is a critical antiapoptotic survival factor for human multiple myeloma (MM). We examined the importance of IL-6 for Mcl-1 expression in five MM cell lines and in primary MM cells from 14 patients. While culture of MM.