[New century, new challenges: changes in the burden of disease profile in Brazil, 1990-2010].

Objective: to describe the burden of disease in Brazil from 1990 to 2010.

Methods: analysis of the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 - Years of Life Lost due to premature mortality (YLL), Years Lost due to Disability (YLD), Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY=YLL+YLD) and risk factors.

Results: there was a decrease in deaths due to diarrhea and an increase in deaths due to diabetes and kidney disease, whilst deaths due to homicides and traffic accidents remained stable; cardiovascular diseases continued to be the leading cause of death despite a 30% reduction; the largest increases in DALY were due to diabetes and musculoskeletal diseases in women and alcohol abuse and low back pain in men; the main risk factors were poor diet and high blood pressure; smoking, domestic pollution and insufficient breastfeeding were found to have reduced.

Consistent declining trends in stroke mortality in Brazil: mission accomplished?

Stroke mortality rates are declining in Brazil, but diferences among regions need to be better investigated. The age-adjusted stroke mortality trends among adults (30-69 years-old) from Brazilian regions were studied between 1996 and 2011. Method Data were analyzed after: 1) reallocation of deaths with non-registered sex or age; 2) redistribution of garbage codes and 3) underreporting correction.

Adverse effects during the oral glucose tolerance test in post-bariatric surgery patients.

Objective: The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is used in the screening of gestational diabetes, in diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in conjunction with fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and risk factors of adverse effects of OGTT in patients who underwent bariatric surgery, in addition to proposing standardization for ordering the OGTT in these patients.

Subjects And Methods: This study assessed the incidence of adverse effects in 128 post-bariatric surgery patients who underwent the OGTT.

Subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis and performance on cognitive tests in middle-aged adults: Baseline results from the ELSA-Brasil.

Background And Aims: Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) may be used as a biomarker for early cognitive impairment. However, the results of the association between CIMT and cognitive function in middle-aged subjects are mixed. We aimed to investigate this association in a large Brazilian sample with no history of stroke at baseline.

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Influence of Socioeconomic Variables on Control of High Blood Pressure: Results of the ELSA-Brasil Study.

High blood pressure (HBP) is the leading risk factor for years of life lost in Brazil. Factors associated with HBP awareness, treatment and control need to be understood better. Our aim is to estimate prevalence, awareness, and types of anti-hypertensive treatment and to investigate the association of HBP control with social position.

Obesity, abdominal obesity and migraine: a cross-sectional analysis of ELSA-Brasil baseline data.

Background And Aim: Most studies assessing the association between migraine and obesity have shown conflicting results. We aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and migraine in ELSA-Brasil, a cohort study of 15,105 individuals aged 35-74 years.

Methods: We assessed migraine using a validated questionnaire based on International Headache Society criteria and anthropometric measurements using standard techniques.

Maternal education, anthropometric markers of malnutrition and cognitive function (ELSA-Brasil).

Background: The early exposure to poor social and nutritional conditions may influence cognitive function during adult age. However, the relative impact of these factors has not yet been established and they can vary during the course of life.

Methods: Analysis of data from 12,997 participants (35-64 years) of the baseline exams (2008-2010) of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a cohort of Brazilian civil servants.

Migraine headaches and mood/anxiety disorders in the ELSA Brazil.

Objective: To describe the relationship between mood/anxiety disorders and migraine headaches emphasizing the frequency of episodes based in a cross-sectional analysis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Background: It has been suggested that frequency of migraine headaches can be directly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders.

Methods: Migraine headaches (International Headache Society criteria) was classified as <1×/month, 1×/month-1×/week, 2-6×/week, and daily.

Methods of cognitive function investigation in the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Context And Objective: Many uncertainties concerning risk factors and evolution of cognitive disorders remain. We describe the methods and preliminary results from the investigation of the cognitive function in the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Design And Setting: Multicenter cohort study on public employees at six public teaching and research institutions.

Cohort Profile: Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Chronic diseases are a global problem, yet information on their determinants is generally scant in low- and middle-income countries. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) aims to contribute relevant information regarding the development and progression of clinical and subclinical chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, in one such setting. At Visit 1, we enrolled 15 105 civil servants from predefined universities or research institutes.

[Strategies and development of quality assurance and control in the ELSA-Brasil].

The ELSA-Brasil (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health) is a cohort study composed of 15,105 adults followed up in order to assess the development of chronic diseases, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Its size, multicenter nature and the diversity of measurements required effective and efficient mechanisms of quality assurance and control. The main quality assurance activities (those developed before data collection) were: careful selection of research instruments, centralized training and certification, pretesting and pilot studies, and preparation of operation manuals for the procedures.

Reproducibility of peripheral arterial tonometry for the assessment of endothelial function in adults.

Objectives: Endothelial dysfunction is associated to cardiovascular risk factors and predicts cardiovascular events. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) is a novel noninvasive method to assess endothelial function. However, there is a paucity of data about its reproducibility.

Severe maternal morbidity: a case-control study in Maranhao, Brazil.

Background: Maternal mortality and morbidity are among the top public health priorities in Brazil, being quite high, especially among the most disadvantage women. A case control study was developed to identify risk factors for severe maternal morbidity in Sao Luis, one of the poorest Brazilian State Capitals.

Methods: The case-control study was carried out between 01/03/2009 and 28/02/2010 in two public high-risk maternities facilities and in two intensive care units (ICUs) for referral of obstetric cases.

Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): objectives and design.

Although low- and middle-income countries still bear the burden of major infectious diseases, chronic noncommunicable diseases are becoming increasingly common due to rapid demographic, epidemiologic, and nutritional transitions. However, information is generally scant in these countries regarding chronic disease incidence, social determinants, and risk factors. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) aims to contribute relevant information with respect to the development and progression of clinical and subclinical chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

Verbal fluency tests reliability in a Brazilian multicentric study, ELSA-Brasil.

Unlabelled: Verbal Fluency Tests (VFT) are commonly used to assess executive functions and language in clinical and epidemiological studies. These tests were included to access cognitive function and predictors to its decline in ELSA-Brasil (Longitudinal Study of Adults' Health), a cohort that investigates incidence and predictors of chronic diseases among 15,000 civil servants from six public educational institutions.

Objective: To investigate the reliability of VFT scoring by supervisors of.

[Passive smoking in Brazil: results from the 2008 Special Survey on Smoking].

The scope of this article was to describe indoor passive smoking, at home and at work, among Brazilians (15+ years) participants of the "Special Research on Smoking", a sub-sample of the PNAD 2008. Non-smokers who reported exposure to indoor household smoking were classified as daily or occasional passive smokers, based on the frequency of exposure. Associations with socio-demographic factors were verified by logistic regression analysis.

Incidence and main causes of severe maternal morbidity in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil: a longitudinal study.

Context And Objective: Evaluation of severe maternal morbidity has been used in monitoring of maternal health. The objective of this study was to estimate its incidence and main causes in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Design And Setting: Prospective longitudinal study, carried out in two public high-risk maternity hospitals and two public intensive care units (ICUs) for referral of obstetric cases from the municipality.

Evaluation of a prediction model for sleep apnea in patients submitted to polysomnography.

Objective: To test a prediction model for sleep apnea based on clinical and sociodemographic variables in a population suspected of having sleep disorders and submitted to polysomnography.

Methods: We included 323 consecutive patients submitted to polysomnography because of the clinical suspicion of having sleep disorders. We used a questionnaire with sociodemographic questions and the Epworth sleepiness scale.

[HTLV-1 associated myelopathy: clinical and epidemiological profile in a 10-year case series study].

Introduction: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disabling disorder. This work aimed to analyze clinical features and epidemiology in a sample of HAM/TSP.

Methods: All HTLV-1 infected patients with diagnostic criteria for HAM/TSP, consecutively admitted to the Sarah Hospital from 1998 to 2007, were included in the study.

Healthy behavior among Brazilian young adults.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated to healthy behavior among young adults.

Methods: A total of 14,193 respondents aged 18-29 years who participated in the system Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL--Telephone-Based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases) carried out in 27 Brazilian capitals in 2006 were studied. Healthy behavior was defined as non-smoking, reported regular physical activity and intake of fruits and vegetables five days or more a week.

[Cardiovascular risk profile and health self-evaluation in Brazil: a population-based study].

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity, excessive use of alcohol, inadequate diet, and central obesity) and investigate the association of these factors with health self-evaluation after adjustment for sociodemographic features and clinical diagnosis of diabetes and ischemic heart disease.

Methods: We studied 9 211 Brazilians with age between 30 and 69 years, residents of 16 state capitals, included in a cross-sectional population-based study carried out by the Ministry of Health (Inquérito Domiciliar sobre Comportamentos de Risco e Morbidade Referida de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis, 2002-2003). The response variable was the score of cardiovascular risk factor clustering, which ranged from zero to 3: no exposure or exposure to 1, 2, and 3 or more risk factors.

Smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost in 16 Brazilian capitals, 2003: a prevalence-based study.

Background: To establish the impact of tobacco smoking on mortality is essential to define and monitor public health interventions in developing countries.

Methods: The Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Costs (SAMMEC) software was used to estimate the smoking attributable mortality (SAM) in 15 Brazilian State Capitals and the Federal District for the year 2003. Smoking prevalence and mortality data of people aged 35 years or older were obtained for each city from the Brazilian Household Survey on Non Communicable Diseases Risk Factors (2002-2003) and from the Brazilian Mortality System (2003), respectively.

Different criteria for assessment of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass success: does only weight matter?

Background: Medium and long-term efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) has previously been demonstrated. However, weight-loss success criteria could be influenced by super-obesity prevalence at baseline. Here, we describe a 5-year follow-up concerning weight loss results, comorbidities, and mortality of a RYGBP Brazilian population with a high prevalence (60.

The profile of cardiovascular health of elderly Brazilian people needs to improve: a population-based study.

Background: In Brazil, population-based information on risk factors and their relationship with cardiovascular diseases in the elderly is scarce.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and clustering of risk factors and investigate their association with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in elderly people.

Methods: All subjects > or = 60 years of age participating in the "Inquérito domiciliar sobre comportamentos de risco e morbidade referida de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis" (Household Survey on Risk Behaviors and Reported Morbidity of Non Transmissible Diseases and Health Conditions) carried out by the Ministry of Health, in 2002/2003 in 15 capitals and the Federal District were included.