Alterations in cognitive functions, social behaviors and stress reactions are commonly diagnosed in chronic mental illnesses (CMI). Animal models expressing mutant genes associated to CMI represent either rare mutations or those contributing only minimally to genetic risk. Non-genetic causes of CMI can be modeled by disturbing downstream signaling pathways, for example by inducing protein misassembly or aggregation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is common in obese subjects, and a relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), increased adipocytokines, and cardiovascular diseases has been reported. This study sought to examine as to whether the adipo-fibrokine activin A is a link between increased EAT, the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and LVDD in severely obese subjects.
Methods And Results: In 236 obese subjects (ø body mass index 39.
We examined behaviors and neurotransmitter levels in the tgDimer mouse, a model for early Alzheimer's disease, that expresses exclusively soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) dimers and is devoid of Aβ plaques, astrogliosis, and neuroinflammation. Seven-month-old mice were subjected to tests of motor activity, attention, anxiety, habituation learning, working memory, and depression-related behaviors. They were impaired in nonselective attention and motor learning and showed anxiety- and despair-related behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWithdrawal and avoidance behavior are common symptoms of depression and can appear as a consequence of absence of reward, i.e. extinction-induced depression (EID).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWISP1 (Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1, also known as CCN4) is a member of the secreted extracellular matrix-associated proteins of the CCN family and a target gene of the Wingless-type (WNT) signaling pathway. Growing evidence links the WNT signaling pathway to the regulation of adipogenesis and low-grade inflammation in obesity. We aimed to validate WISP1 as a novel adipokine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Metabolic syndrome is a common metabolic disorder that is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Disturbances in adrenal steroid hormone production significantly contribute to the development of this disorder. Therefore, it is extremely important to fully understand the mechanisms governing adrenal gland function, both in physiological and pathological conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To explore whether increased adipocyte-derived serum fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) predisposes to cardiac remodelling and left ventricular dysfunction in human obesity.
Design: Cross-sectional investigation.
Setting: Academic clinical research centre.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
September 2011
BMS309403, a substance used as an inhibitor of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, has been suggested as a new therapeutic agent for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis; however, little is known about its possible side effects. The present study investigates the effects of BMS309403 on the cardiovascular system. We used isolated perfused heart preparations and single cardiomyocytes from adult rats for contractile analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) is a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein family and is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue. Emerging evidence suggests that FABP4 plays a role in some aspects of the metabolic syndrome including the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. We have recently reported that secretory products from human adipocytes directly and acutely depressed cardiac contractile function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Muscle Res Cell Motil
December 2009
Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders. Obesity related heart disease is the most serious complication of human obesity. Despite several investigations the pathophysiological mechanisms involved remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe A-ZIP/F-1 transgenic mouse is a model of lipoatrophic diabetes with severe insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Recently, a regulatory role of adipose tissue on adrenal gland function and blood pressure has been suggested. To further explore the importance of adipose tissue in the regulation of adrenal function and blood pressure, we studied this mouse model of lipodystrophy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBest Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
September 2006
Insulin resistance is not simply a problem of decreased glucose uptake in response to insulin, but a multifaceted syndrome that significantly increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is strongly associated with arterial hypertension and a pathogenetic role in the development of arterial hypertension has been suggested. One question that remains open concerns the clinical approach to insulin-resistant patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe causal relationship between obesity and heart failure is broadly acknowledged; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study we investigated whether human adipocytes secrete cardioactive substances that may affect cardiomyocyte contractility. We cultivated adipocytes obtained from human white adipose tissue and incubated isolated rat adult cardiomyocytes with adipocyte-conditioned or control medium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObesity has reached epidemic proportions in Western societies, contributing to metabolic diseases, hypertension, and vascular diseases. White adipose tissue has traditionally been regarded merely as lipid, and consequently, as energy storage. However, recent data revealed the importance of adipose tissue as a highly active endocrine organ and its involvement in the body's metabolism and homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBest Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
December 2005
Obesity is strongly associated with arterial hypertension. A positive correlation between obesity and plasma aldosterone levels has been observed by different investigators, suggesting that an abnormal secretion of aldosterone in obesity contributes to the development of arterial hypertension in obese subjects. The mechanisms proposed to explain this abnormal aldosterone production mainly involve the adipose renin-angiotensin system, an indirect effect of increased fatty acids, and direct adrenal stimulation by adipocyte secretory products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectromechanical coupling by KCl depolarization of bladder preparations elicits an initial phasic and subsequent tonic contraction. Using a smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MyHC) knock-out mouse model we could previously demonstrate, that phasic and tonic contraction of intact neonatal bladder preparations could be elicited through the recruitment of SM-MyHC and non-muscle myosin heavy chains (NM-MyHC), respectively. Inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) by ML-7 eliminated the phasic contraction of wild-type (+/+), rather than tonic contraction of neonatal bladder strips prepared from both +/+ and homozygous SM-MyHC knock-out (-/-) mice.
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