[Parenteral nutrition in neonatology and pediatrics: physicochemical stability, risks and precautions. Narrative review].

Parenteral nutrition is a high-risk therapy due to some of its components and the exceptional inclusion of drugs. It can contain more than 50 nutrients, with different characteristics of osmolarity, ionic charge, and pH, which can affect its physicochemical stability. In addition, environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and oxygen must be considered.

Growth patterns in infants born to women with pregestational overweight/obesity supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy.

Background: Previous studies of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy have controversial and contrasting results on the short and long-term effects on early child growth. The impact of this nutritional intervention on the postnatal growth patterns in the offspring of women with pregestational overweight/obesity (PGO) also remains controversial.

Objective: To analyze the postnatal growth patterns during the first 4 months of life in the offspring of women with PGO randomly supplemented with 800 mg/day (PGO-800) compared with normative doses of 200 mg/day (PGO-200) of DHA during pregnancy (<15 weeks of gestation until delivery).

[Severe acute pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia as the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the pediatric age].

Unlabelled: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) secondary to insulin deficiency following the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a rare but serious complication in children.

Objective: To describe the diagnosis and treatment of severe HTG and to emphasize the need for timely diagnosis of T1DM.

Clinical Case: A 15-year-old female adolescent with a history of overweight presented with a two-weeks history of fever, anorexia, and diffuse abdominal pain.

A Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) of 5.4 is a good predictor of both metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity.

Background: The Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) is a biomarker of insulin sensitivity estimated using BMI and triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We assessed the accuracy of SPISE to screen obesity-related cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.

Method: Cross-sectional validation study for a screening test in a sample of =725 children and adolescents from an obesity clinic.

Facial Dysmorphic Features in a Patient With Nonketotic Hypoglycemia and a Pathogenic Variant in the Gene.

Background/objective: AKT2 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in regulating insulin signaling. The phenotype related to the gain-of-function alteration in the gene (c.49G>A, p.

[Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): What the pediatrician should know].

Feeding problems during childhood have been described over time by various authors. In 2013, Avoi dant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Ma nual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), as a new diagnosis within the Feeding and Eating di sorders, to describe a group of patients with avoidant or restrictive eating behaviors unrelated to body image disorder or weight loss desire. ARFID may appear as significant weight loss and/or nutritional deficiency and/or a marked interference in psychosocial functioning.