Assessment of the feed additive consisting of bentonite for ruminants, poultry and pigs for the renewal of its authorisation (Biomin GmbH).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the renewal of bentonite as a technological feed additive in the functional group of substances for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins for ruminants, poultry and pigs. The applicant has provided evidence that the additive currently on the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. There is no evidence that would lead the FEEDAP Panel to reconsider its previous conclusions.

Assessment of the feed additive consisting of CECT 4528 for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (Centro Sperimentale del Latte S.r.l.).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of CECT 4528 as a technological additive for all animal species. The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently on the market complies with the existing terms of the authorisation. The Panel concluded that the additive remains safe for all animal species, consumers and the environment.

Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of vitamin B (98%) and vitamin B (80%) produced with CGMCC 7.449 for all animal species (Chifeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) of EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of vitamin B 98% and vitamin B 80% in the form of riboflavin produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of (CGMCC 7.449) as nutritional feed additives for all animal species. Viable cells and DNA of the production strain were not detected in the final products and therefore, the use of CGMCC 7.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of NCIMB 30094 for all animal species (Volac International Ltd).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of NCIMB 30094 as a technological additive (functional group: silage additive) for use in fresh material for all animal species. The additive is intended for use at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of NCIMB 41028 for all animal species (Genus Breeding Ltd.).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of NCIMB 41028 as a technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh plant material. The additive is intended for use in all fresh material for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of NCIMB 30148 for all animal species (Genus Breeding Ltd.).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of NCIMB 30148 as a technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh plant material. The additive is intended for use in all fresh material for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment.

Assessment of the feed additive consisting of NCIMB 40027 for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (Volac International ltd).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of the authorisation of NCIMB 40027 as a technological additive (functional group: silage additives) for use in fresh material for all animal species. The applicant has provided evidence that the additive currently on the market complies with the existing terms of the authorisation. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the additive remains safe for all animal species, consumers, and the environment.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of DSM 33862 and DSM 12856 as a silage additive for all animal species (Lactosan GmbH & Co.KG).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on a formulation of DSM 33862 and DSM 12856 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh plant material. The additive is intended for use with fresh plant material with a dry matter (DM) range of 32%-65% at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material to be used for all animal species. The bacterial species and are considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of endo-1,4-β-xylanase produced with CBS 114044 (ECONASE® XT) for pigs for fattening, laying hens and minor poultry species (AB Enzymes Finland Oy).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a product containing endo-1,4-β-xylanase (ECONASE® XT) as a zootechnical feed additive (digestibility enhancer) for pigs for fattening, laying hens and minor poultry species. ECONASE® XT is available in two liquid and three solid forms and is produced with a genetically modified strain of (CBS 114044). The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the genetic modification of the production strain does not raise any safety concerns, and viable cells of the production strain and its DNA were not detected in the final products.

Safety of a feed additive consisting of 3-phytase produced with CECT 13171 (FSF10000/FLF1000) for poultry species, pigs for fattening and minor porcine species for fattening (Fertinagro Biotech S.L.).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of the feed additive consisting of 3-phytase produced with a genetically modified strain of (CECT 13171). The additive is intended to be used as a zootechnical additive for poultry species, pigs for fattening and minor porcine species for fattening. In a previous opinion, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substance used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Panel could not conclude on the taxonomic identification of the production strain.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of DSM 32651 for all animal species (BioCC OÜ).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of DSM 32651 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh plant material. The additive is intended for use in all fresh material for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of DSM 34345 as a silage additive for all animal species (Lactosan GmbH & Co.KG).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on DSM 34345 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh plant material. The additive is intended for use with all fresh plant material for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of DSM 34262 as a silage additive for all animal species (Lactosan GmbH & Co.KG).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on DSM 34262 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh plant material. The additive is intended for use in easy and moderately difficult to ensile fresh plant material for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment.

Assessment of the feed additive consisting of CNCM I-4407 (Actisaf® Sc 47) for rabbits for fattening and non-food producing rabbits for the renewal of its authorisation (S. I. Lesaffre).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of a preparation of dried cells of CNCM I-4407 (Actisaf® Sc 47) as a zootechnical additive for rabbits for fattening and non-food producing rabbits. The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently in the market complies with the existing terms of the authorisation. The Panel concluded that the additive remains safe for the target species, consumers and the environment.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of DSM 34271 as a silage additive for all animal species (Lactosan GmbH & Co.KG).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on DSM 34271 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh plant material. The additive is intended for use in easy and moderately difficult to ensile fresh plant material for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment.

Scientific opinion on the characterisation of CGMCC 19596 used in the production of the feed additive consisting of vitamin B (cyanocobalamin) for all animal species (Hebei Huarong Pharmaceutical Co., ltd.).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the characterisation of the feed additive consisting of vitamin B (cyanocobalamin) produced by fermentation with (CGMCC 19596). The additive is intended to be used as a nutritional additive for all animal species. In a previous opinion, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the characterisation of the production strain, due to uncertainties on whether the production strain CGMCC 19596 was genetically modified.

Ten years of a neonatal screening program for hemoglobinopathies in Friuli-Venezia Giulia: first regional experience in Italy.

Background: Hemoglobinopathies are the commonest genetic defect worldwide (7% of the world's population has at least one hemoglobin mutation). Although prenatal screening for hemoglobinopathies is not obligatory during pregnancy in Italy, it is offered to women by the Italian National Health Service in the pre-conception phase. The screening of newborns is a valid alternative, and has been adopted in various European countries, albeit in a piecemeal fashion.

The NOP receptor involvement in both withdrawal- and CCk-8-induced contracture responses of guinea pig isolated ileum after acute activation of κ-opioid receptor.

In isolated guinea-pig ileum (GPI), the κ-opioid acute withdrawal response is under the control of several neuronal signaling systems, including the μ-opioid, the A(1)-adenosine and the CB(1) receptors, which are involved in the inhibitory control of the κ-withdrawal response. After κ-opioid system stimulation, indirect activation of μ-opioid, A(1)-adenosine and CB(1) systems is prevented by the peptide cholecystokinin-8 (CCk-8). In the present study, we have investigated whether the NOP system is also involved in the regulation of the acute κ-withdrawal response.

Biphasic regulation of the acute μ-withdrawal and CCk-8 contracture responses by the ORL-1 system in guinea pig ileum.

The cloning of the opioid-receptor-like receptor (ORL-1) and the identification of the orphaninFQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) as its endogenous agonist has revealed a new G-protein-coupled receptor signalling system. The structural and functional homology of ORL-1 to the opioid receptor systems has posed a number of challenges in the understanding the often competing physiological responses elicited by these G-protein-coupled receptors. We had previously shown that in guinea pig ileum (GPI), the acute μ-withdrawal response is under the inhibitory control of several systems.

Acute withdrawal induced by adenosine A-receptor activation in isolated guinea-pig ileum: role of opioid receptors and effect of cholecystokinin.

Objectives: In isolated guinea-pig ileum, the mu-opioid acute withdrawal response is under control of several neuronal systems, including the kappa-opioid and the A(1)-adenosine systems, which are involved in the mu-withdrawal response inhibitory control. After mu-opioid system stimulation, indirect activation of both kappa-opioid and A(1)-adenosine systems is prevented by the peptide cholecystokinin-8 (CCk-8). Guinea-pig ileum exposed to A(1)-adenosine agonist (CPA), shows a withdrawal contracture precipitated by the A(1)-adenosine antagonist (CPT).

Counteracting effect of papaverine on morphine inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in mice.

Oral papaverine has been shown to be capable of antagonizing the constipation induced by a single dose of oral morphine. The primary aim of the present study was to ascertain whether papaverine is also capable of counteracting morphine-induced decrease of upper gastrointestinal transit (UGT) after repeated parenteral administration of the opioid. We next investigated the mechanisms(s) responsible for the counteracting effect of papaverine, by analysing whether this effect was changed by pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), dexamethasone, indomethacin or capsaicin.

Involvement of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the opioid inhibition of the response to cholecystokinin and acute withdrawal response.

Numerous recent studies have reported major functional interactions between cannabinoid and opioid systems. These interactions can be studied in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle isolated preparations. We had previously shown that in the guinea-pig ileum (GPI), the opioid acute withdrawal response is under the inhibitory control of several systems; mu-opioid agonist exposure indirectly activates the kappa-opioid system; conversely, exposure to a kappa-opioid agonist indirectly activates the mu-system; the indirectly activated opioid system inhibits the withdrawal response.

Inhibitory control of the acute mu-withdrawal response by indirectly activated adenosine A1 and kappa-opioid systems in the Guinea-pig ileum; reversal by cholecystokinin.

In the isolated guinea-pig ileum (GPI), the acute mu-opioid withdrawal response is inhibited by the kappa-opioid system, indirectly activated by the opioid agonist; yet, other inhibitory mechanisms are probably operating. On the other hand, cholecystokinin (CCK-8) strongly enhances the withdrawal response. In this study, we have shown that the adenosine A1 antagonist 8-cyclopenthyl-1,3-dimethylxantine (CPT) increased the withdrawal response in dermorphin/naloxone (NLX) tests but lacked any effect if the withdrawal tests were carried out in presence of CCK-8.