Postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing primary laparoscopic bariatric surgery: an MBSAQIP analysis.

Background: Recent research has shown beneficial effects of bariatric surgery (BaS) on the risk of developing acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, this patient population may be at increased risk of complications, especially postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC).

Objectives: To analyze the incidence of PPC in patients with COPD undergoing BaS.

Pathways to strengthen the climate resilience of health systems in the Peruvian Amazon by working with Indigenous leaders, communities and health officers.

Background: Indigenous knowledge and responses were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect health, showcasing how Indigenous communities participation in health systems could be a pathway to increase resilience to emergent hazards like climate change. This study aimed to inform efforts to enhance climate change resilience in a health context by: (1) examining if and how adaptation to climate change is taking place within health systems in the Peruvian Amazon, (2) understanding how Indigenous communities and leaders' responses to climatic hazards are being articulated within the official health system and (3) to provide recommendations to increase the climate change resilience of Amazon health systems.

Methods: This study was conducted among two Peruvian Amazon healthcare networks in Junin and Loreto regions.

Single Live Cell Imaging of Multidrug Resistance Using Silver Ultrasmall Nanoparticles as Biosensing Probes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Silver ultrasmall nanoparticles (Ag UNPs) (size < 5 nm) were used as biosensing probes to analyze the efflux kinetics contributing to multidrug resistance (MDR) in single live triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by using dark-field optical microscopy to follow their size-dependent localized surface plasmon resonance. TNBC cells lack expression of estrogen (ER-), progesterone (PR-), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2-) receptors and are more likely to acquire resistance to anticancer drugs due to their ability to transport harmful substances outside the cell. The TNBC cells displayed greater nuclear and cytoplasmic efflux, resulting in less toxicity of Ag UNPs in a concentration-independent manner.

Modified Frailty Index Predicts Postoperative Complications Following Parastomal Hernia Repair.

Background: The 5-factor frailty index (5-mFI), validated frailty index with Spearmen rho correlation of .95 and C statistic >.7 for predicting postoperative complications, can be preoperatively used to stratify patients prior to parastomal hernia repairs.

Predictors and outcomes of acute kidney injury after bariatric surgery: analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program data registry.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after surgery increases long-term risk of kidney dysfunction. The major risk factor for AKI after bariatric surgery is having preoperative renal insufficiency. Little is known about the outcomes and risk factors for developing AKI in patients undergoing bariatric surgery with normal renal function.

The impact of bariatric surgery on hospitalization due to peripheral artery disease and critical limb ischemia: a nationwide analysis.

Background: Severe obesity could be an independent risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI). Bariatric surgery reduces cardiac risk factors, decreasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in subjects with severe obesity.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the impact of bariatric surgery on risk of hospitalization due to PAD and CLI.

Impact of Rapid Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery in Systemic Inflammatory Response and Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Severely Obese Subjects with Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be associated with obesity. The excessive production of proinflammatory mediators by dysfunctional adipocytes may enhance remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and worsen pulmonary hemodynamics. This study aimed to describe the changes in pulmonary arterial pressures and systemic inflammation in patients with obesity with PH after bariatric surgery (BaS).

Does bariatric surgery change the risk of acute ischemic stroke in patients with a history of transient ischemic attack? A nationwide analysis.

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and fifth in the United States, and it represents the major cause of disability in older adults.

Objective: We aimed to determine the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in individuals with obesity with a history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) compared with patients with a history of bariatric surgery.

Setting: Academic hospital, United States.

Bariatric surgery decreases hospitalization rates of patients with obstructive lung diseases: a nationwide analysis.

Background: Obesity can worsen outcomes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the impact of bariatric surgery (BaS) on risk of hospitalization due to acute exacerbation (AE) of chronic obstructive lung diseases (OLDs).

Setting: Academic, University-affiliated Hospital; United States.

Endoscopic Anatomy of Transcallosal Hemispherotomy: Laboratory Study with Advanced Three-Dimensional Modeling.

Background: Epilepsy surgery has an important role in the treatment of patients with medically intractable seizures. Various authors have proposed an endoscopic technique to perform disconnective procedures. A detailed description of intracerebral anatomy seen through an endoscopic transcallosal corridor has not been reported.

Non-absorbable Barbed Sutures for Primary Fascial Closure in Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.

Purpose The aim of this study is to describe the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with intraperitoneal fascial closure using a barbed suture prior to mesh placement. Materials and methods Patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair were included in this retrospective review. Patients were divided into two groups.

Ventricular conduction improvement after pericardial fat reduction triggered by rapid weight loss in subjects with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.

Background: Obesity is considered a major cardiovascular risk factor. The excess of pericardial fat (PF) in patients with obesity has been associated with a variety of electrocardiographic alterations. In previous studies, we demonstrated that rapid weight loss and bariatric interventions result in decreased PF.

Trends in early postoperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events associated with bariatric surgery: an analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program data registry.

Background: The population undergoing bariatric surgery (BaS) has many cardiovascular risk factors that can lead to significant perioperative cardiovascular morbidity.

Objectives: We aimed to examine trends in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after BaS.

Setting: Academic Hospital, United States METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) data registry for patients aged ≥18 years undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) from 2015 to 2019.

Impact of bariatric surgery on the risk of hospitalization due to influenza virus infection.

Background: Obesity independently increases the risk of hospitalization due to viral respiratory infections, including influenza virus and, more recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. As an independent risk factor, obesity impairs the immune response to viral infections and decreases the effectiveness of immunizations.

Objectives: Using influenza as a proxy, we aimed to determine the impact of bariatric surgery (BaS) on the risk of hospitalization due to viral respiratory infections.

Potential beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on the prevalence of kidney cancer: a national database study.

Background: The incidence of obesity has been steadily increasing, especially in developed countries. Also, obesity is considered one of the modifiable risk factors of kidney cancer.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the impact of bariatric surgery-induced weight loss on the prevention of kidney cancer.

Perineal reconstruction after extralevator abdominoperineal resection: Differences among minimally invasive, open, or open with a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap approaches.

Background: Perineal wound complications after extralevator abdominoperineal resection for cancer are common with no consensus on optimal reconstructive technique. We compared short- and long-term results of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection with open surgery ± vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.

Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective observational study of 204 consecutive patients with advanced low rectal cancer who underwent extralevator abdominoperineal resection from January 2010 to August 2020.

Improvement of glucose metabolism following rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery and its impact on reduction of visceral abdominal fat versus free fat muscle.

Background: Body fat distribution is highly associated with metabolic disturbances. Skeletal muscle plays an important role in glucose metabolism, as it serves as an important organ for glucose storage in the form of glycogen. In fact, low muscle mass has been associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), systemic inflammation, and decreased survival.

Adverse Effects Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor Use.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) marked a before and after in the management of gastric acid-related disorders since their introduction to the market in 1989. Due to a novel, highly effective mechanism of action blocking the last converging step of gastric acid secretion by parietal cells and very few and mostly tolerable side effects, these drugs quickly displaced other pharmacological compounds such as H2 antagonists as the first treatment choice for peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated ulcers, and eradication of Helicobacter pylori, leading to an exponential increase in their prescription up to now. However, widespread PPI use has led to emerging evidence of long-term adverse effects not described previously, including increased risk of kidney, liver, and cardiovascular disease, dementia, enteroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, susceptibility to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, and impaired absorption of nutrients.

Trends in US Kidney Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Solid organ transplants have been impacted significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Limited data exist regarding changes in living donor kidney transplants. The aim of this study was to describe national trends in kidney transplantation during COVID-19.

Preoperative considerations for the pediatric patient undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery.

To ensure successful outcomes in pediatric patients with severe obesity who undergo metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), a number of pre-operative patient management options should be considered. This manuscript will review the indications and contraindications of MBS and special considerations for youth who might benefit from MBS. The treatment team conducts a thorough pre-operative evaluation, assessing risks and benefits of surgical intervention, and prepares patients and families to be successful with MBS by providing education about the surgical intervention and lifestyle changes that will be necessary.

Suboptimal bone microarchitecure in adolescent girls with obesity compared to normal-weight controls and girls with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Despite their higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD), adolescents with obesity (OB) have an increase in fracture risk, particularly of the extremities, compared with normal-weight controls. Whereas bone parameters that increase fracture risk are well characterized in anorexia nervosa (AN), the other end of nutritional spectrum, these data are lacking in adolescents with obesity.

Objective: Our objective was to compare bone parameters in adolescent girls across the nutritional spectrum, to determine whether suboptimal bone adaptation to increased body weight may explain the increased fracture risk in OB.

Sex differences in body composition and association with cardiometabolic risk.

Background: Body composition differs between men and women, with women having proportionally more fat mass and men more muscle mass. Although men and women are both susceptible to obesity, health consequences differ between the sexes. The purpose of our study was to assess sex differences in body composition using anatomic and functional imaging techniques, and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight/obesity.

Checking Behavior, Fear of Recurrence, and Daily Triggers in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a top ongoing concern of breast cancer (BC) survivors and thus the focus of recent intervention development. The Self-Regulation Model of FCR (Lee-Jones C, Humphris G, Dixon R, Hatcher MB. Fear of cancer recurrence-a literature review and proposed cognitive formulation to explain exacerbation of recurrence fears.

Strategies for endogenous spinal cord repair: HPMA hydrogel to recruit migrating endogenous stem cells.

Injury to the spinal cord disrupts ascending and descending axonal pathways and causes tissue damage with a subsequent limited cellular regeneration. Successful treatment would encompass the restoration of the cytoarchitecture, homeostasis and function all in dear need. Transplantation-based treatments using exogenous cells are the most favoured approach.