Orbital metastasis: clinical features, management and outcome.

Purpose: To review the clinical features, treatment, outcome and survival of metastatic tumors of the orbit.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective, non-comparative, chart review of 80 patients with orbital metastasis treated in four tertiary orbital centres in Australia.

Results: The study included 80 patients of which, 44 were male with a mean age of 60 years.

Pedobacter nyackensis sp. nov., Pedobacter alluvionis sp. nov. and Pedobacter borealis sp. nov., isolated from Montana flood-plain sediment and forest soil.

Three Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming eubacterial strains were isolated in western Montana, USA, and subjected to taxonomic studies. Strains NWG-II14(T) and NWER-II11(T) were isolated from hyporheic sediments of a large alluvial flood plain, whereas strain G-1(T) was isolated from a conifer forest soil. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strains NWG-II14(T), NWER-II11(T) and G-1(T) were shown to belong to the family Sphingobacteriaceae and are most closely related to various species of the genus Pedobacter.

Anti-inflammatory effects of the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae collected at the Islands of Providencia and San Andrés (SW Caribbean).

Background: We are reporting for the first time the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and fractions, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of pure compounds, all isolated from Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae collected at the Providencia (chemotype 1) and San Andrés (chemotype 2) Islands (SW Caribbean).

Methods: Extracts from P. elisabethae were fractionated on silica gel to yield fractions: F-1 (pseudopterosins PsQ, PsS and PsU) and F-2 (amphilectosins A and B, PsG, PsK, PsP and PsT and seco-pseudopterosins seco-PsJ and seco-PsK) from chemotype 1, and F-3 (elisabethatrienol, 10-acetoxy-9-hydroxy- and 9-acetoxy-10-hydroxy-amphilecta-8,10,12,14-tetraenes (interconverting mixture) and amphilecta-8(13),11,14-triene-9,10-dione) from chemotype 2.

[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Chile: clinical features, evolution and prognostic factors].

Background: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Aim: To describe the characteristics of patients with the diagnosis of HUS in Chile, and to identify the most reliable early predictors of morbidity and mortality.

Material And Methods: The clinical records of patients with HUS aged less than 15 years, attended between January 1990 and December 2003 in 15 hospitals, were reviewed.

Orbital arteriovenous malformations.

Objective: To present the clinical features, management, and outcomes in a series of patients with orbital arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods: Clinical records of patients with orbital AVMs confirmed using angiography were reviewed as a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.

Results: Eight patients (3 women and 5 men) with unilateral AVMs and a mean age of 39 years (median, 36.

Nanoscale topography of dynamic surfaces with ultrafast time resolution.

We describe an optical system for detecting the movement of a surface with subnanosecond temporal and nanometer vertical displacement resolution. The system is fielded on an experiment to determine the distortion of a laser-ablated metal layer and compare the results with hydrodynamic simulations. We also discuss errors that can arise and potential means to mitigate them.

Effects of different artificial photoperiods and temperatures on haematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

This study assessed the effects of two artificial photoperiods (LD 24:0 and LD 12:12) and three temperature regimes (9, 11, and 18 degrees C) for 30 days on haematological parameters of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kept in freshwater. Samples were taken at days 7, 14, and 30 during exposure to treatments. A higher mortality (22%) and lower oxygen concentration (<8.

Plasmablastic lymphoma in the orbit: case report.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare entity most commonly identified in the oral cavity of immunodeficient patients. The immunophenotype of this condition shows a poor expression for B-cell markers but, in contrast, a strong reactivity for well-differentiated plasma cells markers, such as CD138, CD38, and epithelial membrane antigens. PBL survival is limited due to its highly aggressive local and metastatic behavior and poor response to treatment.

[The effectiveness of a 0.1% polyhexanide gel].

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies dealing with chronic wound infections which have led to the use of new terms such as critical colonization or bacterial films which, together with a patient's base conditions, are closely related to the cicatrisation process, especially regarding the stagnation or regression of this process. For this reason an evaluation on the effectiveness of Prontosan Gel, a 0.1% polyhexanide gel, was carried out to see how this gel met the recommendations for cleansing wounds provided by the National Group which Studies and Counsels Health Professionals regarding Bed Sores and Chronic Wounds (GNEAUPP) and by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) for the control of bacterial build-up in chronic wounds.

Risk factors in enterococci isolated from foods in Morocco: determination of antimicrobial resistance and incidence of virulence traits.

A collection of enterococci isolated from meat, dairy and vegetable foods from Morocco including 23 Enterococus faecalis and 15 Enterococcus faecium isolates was studied. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, and gentamicin. Many E.

Cerebrospinal fluid leaks in orbital and lacrimal surgery.

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is an uncommon but significant complication of orbital and rarely lacrimal surgery which may have serious consequences including death. In a retrospective review of four orbital units, we report an incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak (diagnosed intraoperatively) during exenteration, orbital decompression, and dacryocystorhinostomy of 1/154 (0.6%), 4/397 (1%), and 0/3,504 (0%), respectively.

Orbital and adnexal sarcoidosis.

Objective: To present the clinical features and management in a series of patients with orbital and adnexal sarcoidosis.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included patients with biopsy-proven noncaseating granuloma involving the orbit or adnexa and evidence of systemic sarcoidosis. Clinical records were reviewed for initial examination findings, radiological findings, treatment modalities, and outcome.

Photonic Doppler velocimetry of laser-ablated ultrathin metals.

Obtaining velocity information from the interaction of a laser pulse on a metal layer provides insight into the rapid dynamics of material removal and plasma plume physics during ablation. A traditional approach involves using a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) on a reflective metal surface. However, when the target is a thin metal layer, the cohesion of the surface is quickly lost resulting in a large spread of particle velocities that cannot be easily resolved by VISAR.

Third molar development according to chronological age in populations from Spanish and Magrebian origin.

Spain is frequently the entrance country into the European Union for undocumented immigrants, especially those from the Magreb (Northern Africa). Forensic age estimates for these persons are difficult because systematic studies of dental maturity are lacking. Three different populations were analyzed to determine the pattern of development of third molars as a tool for age estimation in people of different ethnic and geographic origin.

[Early steroid withdrawal in pediatric renal transplantation].

Background: Cardiovascular risk, growth failure and the new immunosuppressive drugs, have encouraged steroid withdrawal or total avoidance with promising results in renal transplant (Tx) immunosuppression.

Aim: To evaluate a new immunosuppressor protocol with early withdrawal of steroids in pediatric kidney transplant.

Patients And Methods: Prospective study in pediatric patients older than 1 year and low immunological risk.

Effectiveness of comparison overlays generated with DentalPrint software in bite mark analysis.

Validation studies of the new DentalPrint software were carried out with experimental bite marks in pigskin. The bite marks were digitally photographed according to the ABFO guidelines for evidence collection. Dental casts used in the experiment were scanned in 3D and 2D, and comparison overlays were generated using DentalPrint and Adobe Photoshop software, respectively.

Imaging features of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the imaging characteristics of a cohort of patients with ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease (OALD).

Methods: A noncomparative retrospective review between 1992 and 1995 and prospective study from 1995 to 2005 of the clinical, imaging and treatment of 105 patients presenting to tertiary orbital referral centre presenting with OALD.

Results: One hundred and five patients (mean age 61 years, range 11-90 years) with equal gender distribution were included.

Positron emission tomography in the detection and staging of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of fluorine 18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) in the initial staging of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL).

Design: Retrospective nonrandomized case series.

Participants: Eleven patients with OAL who underwent FDG PET at initial staging.

Effects of pulp and paper mill discharges on caged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): biomarker responses along a pollution gradient in the Biobio River, Chile.

Caging experiments were conducted using hatchery-reared, immature, female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in three previously defined areas of the Biobio River (south central Chile) representing a pollution gradient from the pulp and paper mill discharges area: a pre-impact area (upstream area, reference location), an impact area (area directly influenced), and a postimpact area (downstream area, less influenced). No significant changes were observed in the physiological index as represented by condition factor (K) and liver somatic index during different sampling times (after 11, 21, and 30 d of exposure). Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activities were significantly higher in trout caged at the impact and postimpact discharges areas (two- to fourfold) compared with the reference (pre-impact) area, and a strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, reaching 50%, was observed mainly in fish caged at the impact area.

En bloc excision in malignant tumors of the lacrimal drainage apparatus.

Purpose: To describe the surgical technique and results of en bloc excision in a series of patients with extensive malignant tumors of the lacrimal drainage apparatus (LDA).

Methods: This was a noncomparative, retrospective chart review of the clinical and pathologic findings of 11 patients presenting with a malignant tumor affecting the LDA who underwent en bloc excision of the lacrimal system.

Results: Of the 11 patients, 7 were male.

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis: an unusual entity producing complete lacrimal duct obstruction.

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis is an unusual fibrotic condition of unknown aetiology that tends to affect the upper respiratory tract. Twenty-one cases have been reported in the literature and only three have had ocular adnexal involvement. Despite characteristic histopathological and clinical findings, the diagnosis remains a challenge.

Ocular adnexal pseudo-cyst formation as a characteristic feature of perineural spread in squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To report the clinical features in a series of patients with perineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma involving periorbital nerves that presented with clinical and/or imaging evidence of pseudo-cystic transformation along the involved nerves.

Methods: A noncomparative, retrospective chart review of the clinical and imaging findings of patients attending a regional orbital surgery department between 1998 and 2005, presenting with a pseudo-cystic orbital mass on clinical examination and/or imaging, which proved to be due to perineural squamous cell carcinoma on histopathology.

Results: The study included 8 male patients with a mean age at referral of 66 +/- 11 years.

Anterior lamella actinic changes as a factor in involutional eyelid malposition.

Purpose: We conducted a noncomparative, retrospective chart review of 45 patients and 51 eyelids with the diagnosis of involutional entropion or ectropion that underwent full-thickness lower eyelid shortening between June 2001 and February 2004, in whom the severity of actinic damage was analyzed in relation to the eyelid position. Patients with any different surgical approach or other primary causes of abnormal eyelid position, such as paralytic, congenital, or mechanical factors, were excluded.

Methods: After excision, all eyelid specimens were examined by a single anatomic pathologist, who was masked to the type of eyelid malposition.