An Overview of Mycorrhiza in Pines: Research, Species, and Applications.

In the latest literature, climate models show that the conditions for pines, spruces, larches, and birches will deteriorate significantly. In Poland, as well as in other European countries, there are already signs of the decline of these species. This review article deals with the symbiotic relationships between fungi and plants, which can hardly be overestimated, using the example of pine trees.

Analysis of Wheat Grain Infection by Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi Using an Electronic Nose, GC-MS, and qPCR.

and are considered some of the most dangerous pathogens of plant diseases. They are also considerably dangerous to humans as they contaminate stored grain, causing a reduction in yield and deterioration in grain quality by producing mycotoxins. Detecting fungi is possible using various diagnostic methods.

Analysis of the Response Signals of an Electronic Nose Sensor for Differentiation between Species.

is a genus of fungi found throughout the world. It includes many pathogenic species that produce toxins of agricultural importance. These fungi are also found in buildings and the toxins they spread can be harmful to humans.

Development of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose with an Open Sensor Chamber: Application to Detection of .

In the construction of electronic nose devices, two groups of measurement setups could be distinguished when we take into account the design of electronic nose chambers. The simpler one consists of placing the sensors directly in the environment of the measured gas, which has an important advantage, in that the composition of the gas is not changed as the gas is not diluted. However, that has an important drawback in that it is difficult to clean sensors between measurement cycles.