Alcohol and cancer: a denied association the statement of the Italian society on alcohol (Società Italiana di Alcologia-SIA).

Alcohol consumption (AC) is carcinogenic to humans. The Italian Society on Alcohol (Società Italiana di Alcologia) defines excessive AC as anything greater than zero. It is not appropriate to associate AC with cardiovascular disease prevention.

Alcohol use disorders, self-help groups as a supplement to pharmacological and psychological therapy? A retrospective study in a population with alcohol related liver disease.

Background: According to the new criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-V), the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is 20-30% in men and 10-15% in women worldwide. The anticraving therapy/psychotherapy combination is currently used routinely in clinical practice. However, the results after one year are unsatisfactory.

Alcohol use disorder in the COVID-19 era: Position paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA).

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in China in November 2019. Most governments have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by imposing a lockdown. Some evidence suggests that a period of isolation might have led to a spike in alcohol misuse, and in the case of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), social isolation can favour lapse and relapse.

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in the Covid-19 Era: Position Paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA).

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), firstly reported in China last November 2019, became a global pandemic. It has been shown that periods of isolation may induce a spike in alcohol use disorder (AUD). In addition, alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the most common consequence of excessive alcohol consumption worldwide.

Family climate in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol.

The family climate has notable impact on cognitive, emotional, behavioural, social and physical development of children and adolescents and can be influenced by parents' health status. The present study aimed at evaluating whether living with a parent with alcohol use disorder negatively influences the perceived emotional family climate, parental attitudes and internal representations of family relationships. Forty-five children living with a parent with alcohol use disorder and 45 controls, matched for sex and age, completed the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale and the Family Attitudes Questionnaire.

Alcohol use disorder and liver transplant: new perspectives and critical issues.

Alcoholic liver disease is a consolidated indication for liver transplantation, but many unsolved issues can be highlighted. Patients with alcohol use disorder develop peculiar comorbidities that can become contraindications for transplantation. Moreover, a number of social and psychological patterns should be evaluated to select candidates with a low risk of alcohol relapse and adequate post-transplant adherence.

[The AUDIT tool in security management at work in companies operating in the port area of Trieste. An interinstitutional prevention project].

This work describes the experience realized in the period 2016 - 2018 in the firms actives in the Port of Triest for promoting good models of organization and management in the safety. The approach is based not only in the "construction" of the instruments of AUDIT, but started from the acquisition of the knowledge of employers and workers. This allowed to weigh the results of the AUDIT and create the consciousness of risks in all company components.

Management of end-stage alcohol-related liver disease and severe acute alcohol-related hepatitis: position paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA).

Worldwide, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is 20-30% in men and 10-15% in women, and cirrhosis due to alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is responsible for 0.9% of global deaths and 47.9% of cirrhosis-related deaths.

Alcohol-related chronic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: diagnosis and therapeutic management. A proposal for treatment by the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas (AISP) and the Italian Society of Alcohology (SIA).

Current estimates of the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis, one of the most common causes of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, are in the range of 3-10 per 100,000 people in many parts of the world. Alcohol consumption is a very important risk factor for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and is involved in nearly half of all cases. The main hypothesis regarding the role of chronic alcohol consumption in pancreatitis is that there must be additional environmental or genetic risk factors involved for ongoing damage to occur.

Life events, coping styles, and psychological well-being in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol.

Introduction: Children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol might experience more life events, in particular negative, than children living with parents who do not harmfully consume alcohol. They also primarily use less adaptive coping styles and often demonstrate lower resilience. No studies evaluated whether coping styles or psychological well-being might influence the risk of life events occurrence in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol.

Diagnosis and treatment of acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: position paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol.

The chronic use of alcohol can lead to the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). About 50% of subjects with an AUD may develop alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) when they reduce or discontinue their alcohol consumption and, in 3-5% of them, convulsions and delirium tremens (DTs), representing life-threatening complications, may occur. Unfortunately, few physicians are adequately trained in identifying and treating AWS.

[Acute alcoholic hepatitis.].

Chronic alcohol related liver disease is characterized by a cascade of events defined as follows: steatosis, steatohepatitis/steatofibrosi, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. On one of these histologic patterns may overlap acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAE) (mild, moderate, severe). Severe AAE can cause a severe clinical picture: jaundice with a duration of less than three months, jaundice in the first decompensation event, serum bilirubin higher than 5 mg/dL, ratio AST/ALT >2:1, AST less than 500 IU/L ALT <300 IU/L, neutrophil leukocytosis and increased GGT.

Alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine consumption in adolescents: hair analysis versus self-report.

Background: Clinical reliability of self-reported data for alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine consumptions is lacking, particularly in adolescents.

Objectives: To compare a self-report questionnaire and hair analysis to assess the reliability and effectiveness of the self-report.

Methods: A cross-sectional study on 14-15-year-old Italian students (n = 874, 38% males, 62% females) was performed comparing self-reported data to hair analysis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis and proposal of treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third among the causes of cancer deaths globally. The most frequent causes are the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a combination of alcohol/HCV and metabolic syndrome (MS). The introduction of new pharmaceutical drugs that inhibit protease will bring a relative increase in the number of cases of HCC that are linked to the consumption of alcohol and MS.

Acute alcoholic hepatitis, end stage alcoholic liver disease and liver transplantation: an Italian position statement.

Alcoholic liver disease encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from steatosis steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Forty-four per cent of all deaths from cirrhosis are attributed to alcohol. Alcoholic liver disease is the second most common diagnosis among patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT).

[Alcohol, cardiovascular prevention and cancer].

It is well known that light to moderate drinking (10-25 g/day) has a protective effect on ischaemic heart disease. This effect seems independent of the type of alcoholic beverage. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (World Health Organization) stated that alcoholic beverages are carcinogenic for human (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver and breast).

[Alcoholic liver disease and liver transplantation].

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the second most common diagnosis among patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) in Europe and in the United States. The outcome of patients transplanted for ALD is at least as good as that for most other diagnoses and better than that for hepatitis C virus. In case of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) non-responders to medical therapy, the reason for denying LT is that it requires abstinence from alcohol for six months before consideration for a transplant.