Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy, modafinil, and their combination for treating fatigue in multiple sclerosis (COMBO-MS): a randomised, statistician-blinded, parallel-arm trial.

Background: Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms reported by people with multiple sclerosis. Although behavioural and pharmacological interventions might be partly beneficial, their combined effects have not been evaluated for multiple sclerosis fatigue, or examined with sufficient consideration of characteristics that might affect treatment response. In this comparative effectiveness research trial, we compared the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), modafinil, and their combination for treating multiple sclerosis fatigue.

Lung cancer patients' illness perceptions: Prognostic for psychological and physical health trajectories.

Objective: Advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with the highest burden of mental and physical symptoms. Across illnesses, patients' subjective illness beliefs (i.e.

Cisplatin induced alterations in nociceptor developmental trajectory elicits a TrkA dependent platinum-based chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain.

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a common treatment for paediatric cancer. Unfortunately, cisplatin treatment causes neuropathic pain, a highly prevalent adverse health related complication in adult childhood cancer survivors. Due to minimal understanding of this condition, there are currently no condition tailored analgesics available.

Leaf Spot Disease Development and Its Effect on Yield of Essential Oil-Producing Hemp Cultivars in Kentucky.

Leaf spot diseases are common on field hemp, causing defoliation, and blighting. The most prevalent leaf spot diseases of hemp in Kentucky are Bipolaris leaf spot (), Cercospora leaf spot (), and Septoria leaf spot (). In this study, disease progression, cultivar susceptibility, and yield loss were examined using cultivars from four relatedness groups at two locations and in two growing seasons.

Presentation and primary care management of temporomandibular disorders: A survey of primary care dentists in Santiago and Newcastle.

Background: Primary care dentists are often the first point of call for people with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) but it is not known how many people present to their dentist with TMD or the forms of first-line management that are routinely offered.

Objectives: To report rates of presentation of TMD and management offered in primary care by general dental practitioners in two similarly urban areas, Santiago, Chile and North-East England.

Methods: An online survey was developed and distributed to primary care dentists in both regions.

Temporal associations between use of psychoactive substances and somatic symptoms in the daily lives of people with fibromyalgia.

Objective: Consumption of psychoactive substances-alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, opioids, and cannabis-is common among people with fibromyalgia. Associations between the use of substances and somatic symptoms could reflect efforts to cope with symptoms, aggravation or alleviation of symptoms after the use of substances, or a combination of these. To date, no study has provided insight into temporal associations between the consumption of psychoactive substances and fluctuations in somatic symptoms.

Sleep-disordered breathing and neurocognitive function in multiple sclerosis: Differential associations across cognitive domains.

Background: Sleep disorders are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and could contribute to cognitive dysfunction. However, effects of pathological sleep on cognitive domains are insufficiently characterized.

Objective: To evaluate associations between cognitive performance and polysomnographic (PSG)-based sleep disturbances in PwMS.

Self-efficacy trajectories of individuals newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose/objective: The first year following a new multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis may be a critical time for individuals as they learn to manage their disease. Effective self-management of MS likely requires healthy self-efficacy levels, yet little is known about self-efficacy in the postdiagnosis period. This study aims to improve our understanding of self-efficacy in individuals newly diagnosed with MS by examining self-efficacy trajectories and identifying patient characteristics associated with trajectories in the first postdiagnosis year.

Feasibility, reliability, and validity of ambulatory cognitive tests in fibromyalgia and matched controls.

Objective: This observational study examined the feasibility, reliability, and validity of repeated ambulatory cognitive tests in fibromyalgia (FM).

Method: Adults with FM ( = 50) and matched controls ( = 50) completed lab-based neuropsychological tests (NIH Toolbox) followed by eight days of smartphone-based ambulatory testing of processing speed (symbol search) and working memory (dot memory) five times daily. Feasibility was assessed based on response rates.

Mind the Mood: Momentary Depression and Anxiety Moderate the Correspondence Between Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning in Fibromyalgia.

Objective: Subjective cognitive dysfunction (SCD) affects 55-75% of individuals with fibromyalgia (FM), but those reporting cognitive difficulties often lack corresponding objective deficits. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are prevalent in FM and may account for part of this discrepancy. This study was undertaken to investigate whether momentary (within-day, across 7 days) changes in mood moderate the relationship between within-the-moment SCD and mental processing speed performance.

Coping as a Moderator of Associations Between Symptoms and Functional and Affective Outcomes in the Daily Lives of Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Pain and fatigue are highly prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with adverse physical, social, and psychological outcomes. There is a critical need to identify modifiable factors that can reduce the impact of these symptoms on daily life.

Purpose: This study examined the moderating role of dispositional coping in the relationships between daily fluctuations (i.

The Role of Vascular-Immune Interactions in Modulating Chemotherapy Induced Neuropathic Pain.

Chemotherapy causes sensory disturbances in cancer patients that results in neuropathies and pain. As cancer survivorships has dramatically increased over the past 10 years, pain management of these patients is becoming clinically more important. Current analgesic strategies are mainly ineffective and long-term use is associated with severe side effects.

Illness perception profiles and psychological and physical symptoms in newly diagnosed advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: Of all cancers, advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with the highest burden on mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients' subjective beliefs about their cancer (i.e.

Drought stress increases the expression of barley defence genes with negative consequences for infesting cereal aphids.

Crops are exposed to myriad abiotic and biotic stressors with negative consequences. Two stressors that are expected to increase under climate change are drought and infestation with herbivorous insects, including important aphid species. Expanding our understanding of the impact drought has on the plant-aphid relationship will become increasingly important under future climate scenarios.

Illness representations and psychological outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Objectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a lifelong cancer with subtle symptoms. Treatment is not curative and often involves repeated relapses and retreatments. Illness perceptions - cognitive and emotional representations of illness stimuli - were studied in CLL patients to: 1) identify illness perception 'profiles' prior to treatment; and 2) test whether profile membership predicts psychological responses 12 months later as treatment continued.

Drought has negative consequences on aphid fitness and plant vigor: Insights from a meta-analysis.

Aphids are abundant in natural and managed vegetation, supporting a diverse community of organisms and causing damage to agricultural crops. Due to a changing climate, periods of drought are anticipated to increase, and the potential consequences of this for aphid-plant interactions are unclear.Using a meta-analysis and synthesis approach, we aimed to advance understanding of how increased drought incidence will affect this ecologically and economically important insect group and to characterize any potential underlying mechanisms.

Prevalence, co-occurrence, and trajectories of pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety in the year following multiple sclerosis diagnosis.

Background: Pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety are common in multiple sclerosis, but little is known about the presence, co-occurrence, and trajectories of these symptoms in the year after multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis.

Objectives: To determine, during the postdiagnosis year: (1) rates of pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety; (2) rates of symptom co-occurrence; and (3) stability/change in symptom severity.

Methods: Newly diagnosed adults with MS/clinically isolated syndrome ( = 230) completed self-report measures of pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after MS diagnosis.

The rise, fall and resurrection of chemical-induced resistance agents.

Since the discovery that the plant immune system could be augmented for improved deployment against biotic stressors through the exogenous application of chemicals that lead to induced resistance (IR), many such IR-eliciting agents have been identified. Initially it was hoped that these chemical IR agents would be a benign alternative to traditional chemical biocides. However, owing to low efficacy and/or a realization that their benefits sometimes come at the cost of growth and yield penalties, chemical IR agents fell out of favour and were seldom used as crop protection products.

Phase II Study of Combination Obinutuzumab, Ibrutinib, and Venetoclax in Treatment-Naïve and Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Purpose: The development of highly effective targeted agents for chronic lymphocytic leukemia offers the potential for fixed-duration combinations that achieve deep remissions without cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: This phase II study tested a combination regimen of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax for a total of 14 cycles in both patients with treatment-naïve (n = 25) and relapsed or refractory (n = 25) chronic lymphocytic leukemia to determine the response to therapy and safety.

Results: The primary end point was the rate of complete remission with undetectable minimal residual disease by flow cytometry in both the blood and bone marrow 2 months after completion of treatment, which was 28% in both groups.

A fitness cost resulting from infection is associated with altered probing and feeding behaviour in .

Many herbivorous arthropods, including aphids, frequently associate with facultative endosymbiotic bacteria, which influence arthropod physiology and fitness. In aphids, endosymbionts can increase resistance against natural enemies, enhance aphid virulence and alter aphid fitness. Here, we used the electrical penetration graph technique to uncover physiological processes at the insect-plant interface affected by endosymbiont infection.

Newly diagnosed patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A clinical description of those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms.

Objectives: The aims of this observational study were to 1) accrue newly diagnosed patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) awaiting the start of first-line treatment and identify those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms and, 2) provide a clinical description of the multiple, co-occurring psychological and behavioral difficulties and physical symptoms that potentially exacerbate and maintain depressive symptoms.

Materials And Methods: Patients with stage IV NSCLC (N = 186) were enrolled in an observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03199651) and completed the American Society of Clinical Oncology-recommended screening measure for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]).

Emotion dysregulation in multiple sclerosis: Impact on symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Background: There is consistent evidence for higher prevalence of affective disorders, specifically mood and anxiety disorders, in people with MS (PwMS).

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine the role of emotion dysregulation in explaining symptoms of depression and anxiety in PwMS.

Methods: Data from 100 PwMS and 98 community controls (CC) were analyzed.

Defence gene expression and phloem quality contribute to mesophyll and phloem resistance to aphids in wild barley.

Aphids, including the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), are significant agricultural pests. The wild relative of barley, Hordeum spontaneum 5 (Hsp5), has been described to be partially resistant to R. padi, with this resistance proposed to involve higher thionin and lipoxygenase gene expression.

Construct validity of PROMIS® Cognitive Function in cancer patients and noncancer controls.

Objective: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Cognitive Function-Concerns® (PROMIS®-CF-Concerns) assesses self-reported cognitive complaints. Construct validity data for the CF-Concerns are few. To add to the literature, an analysis of criterion validity for cognitive complaints (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Cognitive Functioning subscale [EORTC-CF]) and cognitive performance (neuropsychological tests of memory [NIH Toolbox Auditory Verbal Learning Test] and verbal fluency [Controlled Oral Word Association Test]) and discriminant validity (self-reports of negative emotions of anxiety, depression, negative mood) are provided.