Emotions and Dog Bites: Could Predatory Attacks Be Triggered by Emotional States?

Dog biting events pose severe public health and animal welfare concerns. They result in several consequences for both humans (including physical and psychological trauma) and the dog involved in the biting episode (abandonment, relocation to shelter and euthanasia). Although numerous epidemiological studies have analyzed the different factors influencing the occurrence of such events, to date the role of emotions in the expression of predatory attacks toward humans has been scarcely investigated.

Evaluation of Lung Aeration and Respiratory System Mechanics in Obese Dogs Ventilated With Tidal Volumes Based on Ideal vs. Current Body Weight.

We describe the respiratory mechanics and lung aeration in anesthetized obese dogs ventilated with tidal volumes (VT) based on ideal (VTi) vs. current (VTc) body weight. Six dogs with body condition scores ≥ 8/9 were included.

Gonadectomy in Raccoons: Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Two Ketamine-Based Pre-Anesthetic Protocols before Sevoflurane-Sufentanil.

Nineteen raccoons were enrolled in this study. The aim was to evaluate and compare the quality of anesthesia and the cardiorespiratory effects following treatment with a ketamine-based combination with either dexmedetomidine (KD group) or midazolam (KM group) in raccoons undergoing ovariohysterectomy/orchiectomy. General anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen and sufentanil infusion.

Respiratory effects of low versus high tidal volume with or without positive end-expiratory pressure in anesthetized dogs with healthy lungs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of 2 tidal volumes (Ts) with or without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on lung mechanics, aeration, and gas exchange in healthy anesthetized dogs. ANIMALS 40 mixed-breed dogs with healthy lungs. PROCEDURES Anesthetized dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10/group) with different ventilatory settings: T of 8 mL/kg and PEEP of 0 cm HO (low T group), T of 8 mL/kg and PEEP of 5 cm HO (low T plus PEEP group), T of 15 mL/kg and PEEP of 0 cm HO (high T group), or T of 15 mL/kg and PEEP of 5 cm HO (high T plus PEEP group).

Validation of the Italian version of the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale for the assessment of postoperative pain in cats.

The study described in this paper had the goal to validate the Italian version of the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale (UNESP-Botucatu MCPS) to assess postoperative pain in cats using video analysis and psycometric testing. The English version of the scale was translated into Italian. Thirty videos of the perioperative period of ovariohysterectomy surgery were analysed by 5 Italian observers with the aim to determine the pain score using the Italian version of the scale and to verify the need for analgesic treatment for each cat.

Heart rate and blood pressure variations after transvascular patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in dogs.

The objective of the study was to retrospectively analyse the cardiovascular effects that occurs following the transvascular occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs. Sixteen anaesthesia records were included. Variables were recorded at the time of placing the arterial introducer, occlusion of the ductus, and from 5 to 60min thereafter, including, among the other, heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure.

WHICH AIRWAY PRESSURE SHOULD BE APPLIED DURING BREATH-HOLD IN DOGS UNDERGOING THORACIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY?

This randomized controlled trial study aimed to identify the optimal positive pressure (PP) level that can clear atelectasis while avoiding pulmonary hyperinflation during the breath-hold technique in dogs undergoing thoracic computed tomography (CT). Sixty dogs affected by mammary tumors undergoing thoracic CT for the screening of pulmonary metastases were randomly assigned to six groups with different levels of PP during the breath-hold technique: 0 (control), 5 (PP5), 8 (PP8), 10 (PP10), 12 (PP12), and 15 (PP15) cmH2 O. The percentage of atelectatic lung region was lower in the PP10 (3.

Pleurodesis with Thulium Cyber Laser versus talc poudrage: a comparative experimental study.

Sclerosing fluids to achieve pleurodesis could be hardly replaced for bed-side procedures, but other devices may be successfully applied during thoracoscopy. Thulium Cyber Laser was experimented for this purpose and compared to talc poudrage. Twenty pigs underwent operative videothoracoscopy (VATS).

Effectiveness and predictability of pleurodesis with the Tachosil® surgical patch compared with talc poudrage: an experimental study.

Objectives: The human fibrinogen/thrombin surgical patch is proposed for videothoracoscopic pleurodesis after recurrent observation in routine clinical practice of site-specific pleuro-pulmonary adhesions.

Methods: A total of 36 experimental videothoracoscopies were performed on 18 pigs, all of which underwent a bilateral sequential procedure. The right or left side was casually approached and two 4.

Pericardium matrix buttressing hinders the stapled bronchial stump healing.

Background: Biomechanical and histological properties of stapled bronchi with and without bovine pericardial matrix plus collagen reinforcement are analyzed.

Materials And Methods: Pneumonectomy with mechanical bronchial suture was performed in the swine model. Pigs were randomly assigned to three groups: three-row staplers without reinforcement (Traditional), with reinforcement (Buttressed) and control "wild type", non-resected normal bronchus (Normal).

Ultrasonographic findings and outcomes of dogs with suspected migrating intrathoracic grass awns: 43 cases (2010-2013).

Objective: To describe ultrasonographic findings and outcomes for dogs with suspected migrating intrathoracic grass awns.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 43 client-owned dogs.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings in three dogs with lung lobe torsion.

Lung lobe torsion is rare but life-threatening condition in the dog. Thoracic radiographs and conventional ultrasonography cannot be conclusive for the diagnosis, and computed tomography is useful but is limited by cost and availability. This report describes the findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in 3 dogs with lung lobe torsion.

Long-term stability, functional competence, and safety of microencapsulated specific pathogen-free neonatal porcine Sertoli cells: a potential product for cell transplant therapy.

Background: Porcine Sertoli cells (pSCs) have been employed for cell therapy in pre-clinical studies for several chronic/immune diseases as they deliver molecules associated with trophic and anti-inflammatory effects. To be employed for human xenografts, pSCs products need to comply with safety and stability. To fulfill such requirements, we employed a microencapsulation technology to increase pre-transplant storage stability of specific pathogen-free pSCs (SPF-pSCs) and evaluated the in vivo long-term viability and safety of grafts.

Experimental left pneumonectomy in pigs: procedure and management.

Background: Because there is no detailed description of procedures and perioperative management of major pulmonary resections in swine, we reviewed our experience to delineate the most effective practice in performing left pneumonectomy.

Materials And Methods: Analysis of 11 consecutive left pneumonectomies. Animal data, operative reports, anesthesia records, and perioperative facts were evaluated.

Anaesthetic management for balloon dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in a dog.

A three-month-old female Rottweiler puppy was referred for intravascular correction of a previously identified cor triatriatum dexter. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of a hyperechoic membrane that divided the right atrium into a cranial and caudal chamber. A foramen in this membrane allowed the blood to flow from the caudal to the cranial chamber.

Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure delivered using a pediatric helmet in dogs recovering from general anesthesia.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administered with a pediatric helmet in healthy dogs recovering from general anesthesia.

Design: Randomized, cross-over, clinical study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Effects of reduction of inspired oxygen fraction or application of positive end-expiratory pressure after an alveolar recruitment maneuver on respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and lung aeration in dogs during anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of reduction of inspired oxygen fraction (Fio(2)) or application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) after an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) in minimizing anesthesia-induced atelectasis in dogs.

Animals: 30 healthy female dogs.

Procedures: During anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, dogs were mechanically ventilated under baseline conditions (tidal volume, 12 mL/kg; inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio, 1:2; Fio(2), 1; and zero end-expiratory pressure [ZEEP]).

Use of the oxygen content-based index, Fshunt, as an indicator of pulmonary venous admixture at various inspired oxygen fractions in anesthetized sheep.

Objective: To evaluate the use of the oxygen content-based index, Fshunt, as an indicator of venous admixture (Qs/Qt) at various fractions of inspired oxygen (FIO(2)s) in anesthetized sheep undergoing Flung or 2-lung ventilation. Animals-6 healthy adult female sheep.

Procedures: Sheep were anesthetized and administered 5 different FIO(2)s (0.

Evaluation of a butorphanol, detomidine, and midazolam combination for immobilization of captive Nile lechwe antelopes (Kobus magaceros).

Field immobilization of captive antelope may be required for medical examination, blood sample collection, and animal identification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of butorphanol, detomidine, and midazolam (BDM) and its partial reversibility in Nile lechwe antelope (Kobus megaceros). Nine captive lechwes, weighing 28-64 kg, were immobilized, in February 2011, with butorphanol 0.

Physiological effects of an open lung ventilatory strategy titrated on elastance-derived end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure: study in a pig model*.

Rationale: In the presence of increased chest wall elastance, the airway pressure does not reflect the lung-distending (transpulmonary) pressure.

Objective: To compare the physiological effects of a conventional open lung approach titrated for an end-inspiratory airway opening plateau pressure (30 cm H2O) with a transpulmonary open lung approach titrated for a elastance-derived end-inspiratory plateau transpulmonary pressure (26 cm H2O), in a pig model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (HCl inhalation) and reversible chest wall mechanical impairment (chest wall and abdomen restriction).

Methods: In eight pigs, physiological parameters and computed tomography were recorded under three conditions: 1) conventional open lung approach, normal chest wall; 2) conventional open lung approach, stiff chest wall; and 3) transpulmonary open lung approach, stiff chest wall.

Effects of two fractions of inspired oxygen on lung aeration and gas exchange in cats under inhalant anaesthesia.

Objective: To compare the effects of two fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) (0.4 and 1) on lung aeration and gas exchange during general anaesthesia in cats.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, controlled study.

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on anesthesia-induced atelectasis and gas exchange in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 10 cm H(2)O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on lung aeration and gas exchange in mechanically ventilated sheep during general anesthesia induced and maintained with propofol.

Animals: 10 healthy adult Bergamasca sheep.

Procedures: Sheep were sedated with diazepam (0.

Inhomogeneity of lung parenchyma during the open lung strategy: a computed tomography scan study.

Rationale: The open lung strategy aims at reopening (recruitment) of nonaerated lung areas in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, avoiding tidal alveolar hyperinflation in the limited area of normally aerated tissue (baby lung).

Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that recruited lung areas do not resume elastic properties of adjacent baby lung.

Methods: Twenty-five anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs were studied.