T Cell Peptide Prediction, Immune Response, and Host-Pathogen Relationship in Vaccinated and Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Subjects.

COVID-19 remains a significant threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. The emergence of new variants necessitates the development of treatments and vaccines that induce both humoral and cellular immunity. This study aimed to identify potentially immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 peptides and to explore the intricate host-pathogen interactions involving peripheral immune responses, memory profiles, and various demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors.

Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections.

Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections.

Anti-Tumorigenic Activities of IL-33: A Mechanistic Insight.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an epithelial-derived cytokine that can be released upon tissue damage, stress, or infection, acting as an alarmin for the immune system. IL-33 has long been studied in the context of Th2-related immunopathologies, such as allergic diseases and parasitic infections. However, its capacity to stimulate also Th1-type of immune responses is now well established.

Corrigendum to "Multicentre Harmonisation of a Six-Colour Flow Cytometry Panel for Naïve/Memory T Cell Immunomonitoring".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/1938704.].

Multicentre Harmonisation of a Six-Colour Flow Cytometry Panel for Naïve/Memory T Cell Immunomonitoring.

Background: Personalised medicine in oncology needs standardised immunological assays. Flow cytometry (FCM) methods represent an essential tool for immunomonitoring, and their harmonisation is crucial to obtain comparable data in multicentre clinical trials. The objective of this study was to design a harmonisation workflow able to address the most effective issues contributing to intra- and interoperator variabilities in a multicentre project.

IL-33 restricts tumor growth and inhibits pulmonary metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice through eosinophils.

The alarmin IL-33 is an IL-1 family member that stimulates pleiotropic immune reactions depending on the target tissue and microenvironmental factors. In this study, we have investigated the role of IL-33/ST2 axis in antitumor response to melanoma. Injection of IL-33 in mice-bearing subcutaneous B16.

APC activation by IFN-alpha decreases regulatory T cell and enhances Th cell functions.

Type I IFNs are central to a vast array of immunological functions. Their early induction in innate immune responses provides one of the most important priming mechanisms for the subsequent establishment of adaptive immunity. The outcome is either promotion or inhibition of these responses, but the conditions under which one or the other prevails remain to be defined.

Type I interferons as vaccine adjuvants against infectious diseases and cancer.

Presently, new attention is given to type I interferons (IFNs) as essential factors linking innate and adaptive immunity. Several studies provided evidence about the importance of IFN-alpha in the differentiation of the Th1 subset, in the generation and activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, in the enhancement of a primary antibody response and in the activation of dendritic cells. Owing to their immunomodulatory properties, type I IFNs can represent good candidates to be used as adjuvants for vaccination.

Cyclophosphamide enhances the antitumor efficacy of adoptively transferred immune cells through the induction of cytokine expression, B-cell and T-cell homeostatic proliferation, and specific tumor infiltration.

Purpose: Immunotherapy is a promising antitumor strategy, which can be successfully combined with current anticancer treatments, as suggested by recent studies showing the paradoxical chemotherapy-induced enhancement of the immune response. The purpose of the present work is to dissect the biological events induced by chemotherapy that cooperate with immunotherapy in the success of the combined treatment against cancer. In particular, we focused on the following: (a) cyclophosphamide-induced modulation of several cytokines, (b) homeostatic proliferation of adoptively transferred lymphocytes, and (c) homing of transferred lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs and tumor mass.

A pre-S/S CHO-derived hepatitis B virus vaccine protects woodchucks from WHV productive infection.

We evaluated whether a non-adjuvanted vaccine derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells was capable of providing protection against woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). Three woodchucks were vaccinated with four 50-microg doses and challenged with a previously characterized virus isolate (WHV197). In all three animals, titre levels of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigens (anti-HBs) exceeded 10 mIU/ml, peaking at 150 mIU/ml.

In vivo transmission and dynamics of deleted genomes after experimental infection of woodchuck hepatitis B virus in adult animals.

The presence of Deleted Genomes has been shown in a number of viral models including Hepadnaviridae. The analysis of woodchuck hepatitis B virus (WHV) population after experimental infection of woodchuck 197 (W197) with WHV7-PI inoculum revealed the presence of two Deleted Genomes: DG600 lacking a 1330 bp region (Core/Polymerase/PreS1) and DG900 showing a deletion of 869 nts (Pol/PreS/S). These mutants were also present in WHV7-PI.