The detrimental consequences of two consecutive disasters impacting cytopathology in Ukraine: COVID followed by the war.

The Covid-19 pandemic and ongoing war in Ukraine caused unprecedented disruption in healthcare, including cytopathology activities. This paper elucidates the effect of two consecutive disasters-the COVID-19 pandemic followed by the war-on cytopathology practice in Ukraine through a single-centre retrospective study. Total testing volumes, geographic distribution, and indicators of laboratory operations were assessed during three periods of 3 months each: the first 3 months of the acute phase of the war (March-May 2022, period 1); summer (June-August 2022, period 2); and the fall (September-November 2022, period 3, associated with massive attacks on the energy infrastructure in Ukraine).