Intra-Abdominal Hypertension Is Responsible for False Negatives to the Passive Leg Raising Test.

Objectives: To compare the passive leg raising test ability to predict fluid responsiveness in patients with and without intra-abdominal hypertension.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Medical ICU.

The effects of passive leg raising may be detected by the plethysmographic oxygen saturation signal in critically ill patients.

Background: A passive leg raising (PLR) test is positive if the cardiac index (CI) increased by > 10%, but it requires a direct measurement of CI. On the oxygen saturation plethysmographic signal, the perfusion index (PI) is the ratio between the pulsatile and the non-pulsatile portions. We hypothesised that the changes in PI could predict a positive PLR test and thus preload responsiveness in a totally non-invasive way.

Carotid and femoral Doppler do not allow the assessment of passive leg raising effects.

Background: The hemodynamic effects of the passive leg raising (PLR) test must be assessed through a direct measurement of cardiac index (CI). We tested whether changes in Doppler common carotid blood flow (CBF) and common femoral artery blood flow (FBF) could detect a positive PLR test (increase in CI ≥ 10%). We also tested whether CBF and FBF changes could track simultaneous changes in CI during PLR and volume expansion.

Validation of the Norwegian Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire.

Background And Purpose: There is a large variation in people's reactions to painful stimuli. Although some conditions are more painful, the variation between people is larger than the reaction to pain across conditions. Induced experimental pain is one way to assess some aspects of these differences in pain perception.