Investigating the Use of Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacometabolomic Markers to Predict Haloperidol Efficacy and Safety Rates.

Haloperidol is commonly prescribed to patients with alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD). Notably however, individuals differ extensively with regards to therapeutic response and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Previous studies have shown that haloperidol biotransformation is mainly metabolized by CYP2D6.

and impact efficacy and safety of diazepam in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Background: Diazepam is one of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). However, diazepam sometimes is ineffective, and some patients experience dose-dependent adverse drug reactions (ADR). Previous studies have shown that diazepam metabolism involves the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 isoenzymes, whose activity is highly variable between individuals, which may contribute to differences in clinical response.

Effects of CYP2C19*17 genetic polymorphisms on plasma and saliva concentrations of diazepam in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Introduction: Diazepam is one of the most commonly prescribed tranquilizers for the therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). However, diazepam therapy often turns out to be ineffective, and some patients experience dose-dependent adverse drug reactions. Previous studies have shown that the metabolism of diazepam involves the CYP2C19 isoenzyme, whose activity is highly dependent on polymorphism of the encoding gene.

Effects of CYP2C19*17 Genetic Polymorphisms on the Steady-State Concentration of Diazepam in Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.

Diazepam is one of the most widely prescribed tranquilizers for the therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), which includes the symptoms of anxiety, fear, and emotional tension. However, diazepam therapy often turns out to be ineffective, and some patients experience dose-dependent adverse drug reactions, reducing the efficacy of therapy. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of CYP2C19*17 genetic polymorphisms on the steady-state concentration of diazepam in patients with AWS.

Impact of CYP2D6 Polymorphism on Equilibrium Concentration of Fluoxetine in Patients Diagnosed With Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorders.

Introduction: Fluoxetine is used in the treatment of patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Some of these patients do not achieve an adequate response to a treatment regimen containing fluoxetine, and many of these patients experience dose-dependent adverse drug reactions. The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6 is involved in the biotransformation of fluoxetine, the activity of which is quite dependent on the polymorphism of the gene encoding this enzyme.

Using the CYP3A Activity Evaluation to Predict the Efficacy and Safety of Diazepam in Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.

Background: Diazepam is one of the most commonly prescribed tranquilizers for the therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Despite its popularity, there is currently no precise information on the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of diazepam therapy.

Objective: The objective of our study was to study the effect of CYP3A isoenzymes activity on the efficacy and safety of diazepam in patients with AWS.

Olanzapine-Associated Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Report.

This paper presents the case of a 20-year-old patient with a suspected diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. He was prescribed oral olanzapine at a dose of 10 mg per day, and the treatment was associated with rhabdomyolysis (serum creatine kinase = 9,725 U/L on day four of the therapy). On suspicion of its contribution to rhabdomyolysis, olanzapine was immediately withdrawn.

Analysing : an attempt to establish diagnosis for a film icon.

Todd Phillips's film Joker, a 2019 psychological thriller, has stirred up strong reactions to the portrayal of the lead character's mental disorder, which is never specified. I used DSM-5 criteria to study whether Joker/Arthur Fleck showed signs of a real mental disorder. The psychopathology Arthur exhibits is unclear, preventing diagnosis of psychotic disorder or schizophrenia; the unusual combination of symptoms suggests a complex mix of features of certain personality traits, namely psychopathy and narcissism (he meets DSM-5 criteria for narcissistic personality disorder).

CYP3A subfamily activity affects the equilibrium concentration of Phenazepam in patients with anxiety disorders and comorbid alcohol use disorder.

Phenazepam is prescribed to relieve anxiety and sleep disorders during alcohol withdrawal, although it is associated with undesirable side effects. To demonstrate changes in the safety and efficacy profiles of Phenazepam in patients with anxiety disorders and comorbid alcohol use disorder. A total of 94 Russian patients with alcohol use disorder received 4.

How do CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 genetic polymorphisms affect the efficacy and safety of diazepam in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

Background Diazepam is one of the most commonly prescribed tranquilizers for therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Despite its popularity, there is currently no precise information on the effect of genetic polymorphisms on its efficacy and safety. The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of diazepam in patients with AWS.

Non-medical Use of Naphazoline (Naphthyzin): Two Case Reports.

: The paper describes 2 case reports of non-medical use of Naphazoline (Naphthyzin). Both demonstrate that the peripherally acting alpha-adrenergic agonist Naphazoline obtains some addictive potential. The drug produces a feeling of euphoria, which resembles the perceived effects of psychostimulants.

Effects of polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of phenazepam in patients with anxiety disorder and comorbid alcohol use disorder.

Phenazepam therapy can often be ineffective and some patients develop dose-related adverse drug reactions. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the (681G>A, rs4244285) in patients with anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence taking phenazepam therapy. Patients (175 males, average age: 37.

Psychotic Disorders in Patients Who Use Synthetic Cannabinoids.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the structure of psychotic disorders due to synthetic cannabinoid use and to determine differences in clinical characteristics and disease course between such substance-induced psychosis and psychosis associated with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Methods: This was a longitudinal, observational cohort study that included male patients who underwent inpatient treatment in the intensive care unit or in the emergency department due to substance-induced psychoses. The follow-up period was up to 2 years.

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder: A literature review and three case reports.

The paper describes diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation and types of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD), as well as current approaches to the treatment of this phenomenon using available scientific sources. Three case reports are also presented to demonstrate different types of this disorder. The first case report describes a 23-year old patient with a previous history of cannabis consumption who reported HPDD type I after the use of psilocybin mushrooms with small amounts of alcohol and hash.

Effects of CYP2C19*17 polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of bromodigyrochlorophenylbenzodiazepine in patients with anxiety disorder and comorbid alcohol use disorder.

Background Bromodihydrochlorophenylbenzodiazepine (Phenazepam®) is used in the therapy of anxiety disorders in patients with alcohol dependence. However, Phenazepam therapy often turns out to be ineffective, and some patients develop dose-related adverse drug reactions (ADR): severe sedation, dizziness, headache, dyspepsia, falling, etc. That ensures the effectiveness of this category of patients.

Effects of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine in patients with depressive disorder and comorbid alcohol use disorder.

Background: Fluvoxamine therapy is used for treatment of patients with depressive disorder, but it is often ineffective, and some patients suffer from dose-dependent undesirable side effects such as vertigo, headache, indigestion, xerostomia, increased anxiety, etc. CYP2D6 is involved in the biotransformation of fluvoxamine. Meanwhile, the genes encoding these isoenzymes have a high level of polymorphism, which may affect the protein synthesis.

Genotyping and phenotyping of CYP2D6 and CYP3A isoenzymes in patients with alcohol use disorder: correlation with haloperidol plasma concentration.

Background: Haloperidol is used for the treatment of alcohol use disorders in patients with signs of alcohol-related psychosis. Haloperidol therapy poses a high risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Contradictory data, which include the effects of genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding the elements of haloperidol biotransformation system on haloperidol metabolism rate and plasma drug concentration ratio, are described in patients with different genotypes.

Pharmacodynamic genetic polymorphisms affect adverse drug reactions of haloperidol in patients with alcohol-use disorder.

Background: Antipsychotic action of haloperidol is due to blockade of D receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, while the adverse drug reactions are associated with striatal D receptor blockade. Contradictory data concerning the effects of genetic polymorphisms of genes encoding these receptors and associated structures (catechol-O-methyltransferase [COMT], glycine transporter and gene encoding the density of D receptors on the neuronal membrane) are described.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation between DRD2, SLC6A3 (DAT) and COMT genetic polymorphisms and to investigate their effect on the development of adverse drug reactions in patients with alcohol-use disorder who received haloperidol.