RNA-Seq Virus Fraction in Lake Baikal and Treated Wastewaters.

In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes of RNA and DNA viruses from the oligotrophic water of Lake Baikal and the effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharged into the lake from the towns of Severobaikalsk and Slyudyanka located on the lake shores. Given the uniqueness and importance of Lake Baikal, the issues of biodiversity conservation and the monitoring of potential virological hazards to hydrobionts and humans are important. Wastewater treatment plants discharge treated effluent directly into the lake.

The Bovhyaluronidase Azoximer (Longidaza) Disrupts and -Bacterial Mixed Biofilms and Increases the Efficacy of Antifungals.

Background and Objectives: Candida albicans causes various diseases ranging from superficial mycoses to life-threatening systemic infections often associated with biofilm formation, including mixed fungal−bacterial consortia. The biofilm matrix protects cells, making Candida extremely resistant to treatment. Here, we show that the bovhyaluronidase azoximer (Longidaza®) in vitro destroys the biofilm formed by either C.

Improving the Efficacy of Antimicrobials against Biofilm-Embedded Bacteria Using Bovine Hyaluronidase Azoximer (Longidaza).

While in a biofilm, bacteria are extremely resistant to both antimicrobials and the immune system, leading to the development of chronic infection. Here, we show that bovine hyaluronidase fused with a copolymer of 1,4-ethylenepiperazine N-oxide and (N-carboxymethyl) -1,4-ethylenepiperazinium bromide (Longidaza) destroys both mono- and dual-species biofilms formed by various bacteria. After 4 h of treatment with 750 units of the enzyme, the residual biofilms of , , , and preserved about 50-70% of their initial mass.

Phage MD8: Genetic Mosaicism and Challenges of Taxonomic Classification of Lambdoid Bacteriophages.

phage MD8 is a temperate phage isolated from the freshwater lake Baikal. The organisation of the MD8 genome resembles the genomes of lambdoid bacteriophages. However, MD8 gene and protein sequences have little in common with classified representatives of lambda-like phages.

Phage PaBG-A Jumbo Member of an Old Parasite Family.

Bacteriophage PaBG is a jumbo Myoviridae phage isolated from water of Lake Baikal. This phage has limited diffusion ability and thermal stability and infects a narrow range of strains. Therefore, it is hardly suitable for phage therapy applications.

Bacterial aggregates formation after addition of glucose in Lake Baikal water.

For determining the process of bacterial aggregation, glucose was added into water from Lake Baikal which had been stored for seven months. In the presence of a higher concentration of glucose, the abundance of single bacteria and aggregates were higher, but the biovolumes of both bacteria were similar. Theses results mean that both free-living and aggregated bacteria have similar maximum sizes and that aggregates are forming with available organic materials.

Lake Baikal: a unique place to study evolution of sponges and their stress response in an environment nearly unimpaired by anthropogenic perturbation.

Lake Baikal is considered as a unique place to study evolution. In this review, we report on recent data on the evolution of endemic freshwater sponges of this ancient lake. Nucleotide sequence data support the idea that these sponges are of monophyletic origin and evolved from Spongillidae.