Three-Dimensional Cultivation a Valuable Tool for Modelling Canine Mammary Gland Tumour Behaviour In Vitro.

Cell cultivation has been one of the most popular methods in research for decades. Currently, scientists routinely use two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures of commercially available cell lines and primary cultures to study cellular behaviour, responses to stimuli, and interactions with their environment in a controlled laboratory setting. In recent years, 3D cultivation has gained more attention in modern biomedical research, mainly due to its numerous advantages compared to 2D cultures.

Canine Mammary Tumors: Classification, Biomarkers, Traditional and Personalized Therapies.

In recent years, many studies have focused their attention on the dog as a proper animal model for human cancer. In dogs, mammary tumors develop spontaneously, involving a complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system and revealing several molecular and clinical similarities to human breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the major features of canine mammary tumor, risk factors, and the most important biomarkers used for diagnosis and treatment.

Molecular Detection of spp. in Three Eco Regions of Slovakia.

Microsporidia are unicellular obligate intracellular parasitic fungi that infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. There are two known species of microsporidia infecting honey bees in Slovakia- first and also Our aim was to examine samples of honey bees collected from bee queen breeders in three ecoregions of the Slovak Republic in 2021 and 2022. First, microscopic diagnostics were used, and then randomly selected samples were examined using molecular methods.

Impact of Canine Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media on the Wound Healing Process: In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

The aim of this study was to provide a beneficial treatment effect of mesenchymal stem cell products derived from the canine amniotic membrane (AM-MSC) on the complicated wound healing process in dogs. AM-MSCs were characterized in terms of morphology, phenotypic profile, and multilineage differentiation potential. The in vitro study of the effect of canine amniotic mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (AMMSC-CM) on a primary skin fibroblast cell culture scratch assay showed a decrease in the measured scratch area of about 66.

Comparison of Chemical and Biological Methods of Filtering Cryptosporidia from Water.

Despite the fact that spp. is a parasite which commonly causes diarrhea, it still receives little attention. In our experiment, we focused on comparing the biological ( shrimp) and physical (zeolite with different thicknesses) possibility of filtering cryptosporidia from a small volume of water, which could contribute to increasing the catchability of this parasite.

Detection of Blastocystis spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Encephalitozoon spp. among wild animals from Eastern Slovakia.

The aim of this study was to draw attention to the risk of transmission of Encephalitozoon, Cryptosporidium and Blastocystis infection due to high animal migration and to point out that even wild animals can be a source of many zoonotic diseases. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Cryptosporidium spp. and Blastocystis spp.

First report of spp. subtypes in ZOO animals in Slovakia, Central Europe.

spp. has been reported in wildlife, domestic animals and animals housed in ZOO. To-date, 17 genetically diverse lines have been reported in mammals and birds (designated ST) based on differences in the SSU rRNA.

Nosema Disease of European Honey Bees.

Nosematosis is currently a frequently discussed honey bee disease caused by two types of Microsporidia: and . Nosematosis as an intestinal disease caused by these species is one of the main factors associated with the weakening and loss of hives, with none of the stressors acting in isolation and all having an important synergistic or additive effect on the occurrence of parasitic infection. The most important factors are exposure to pesticides and nutritional stress, both worsening the immune response.

First detection of Blastocystis sp. in pigs in Slovakia and in Europe.

Blastocystis sp. is a single-cell microorganism occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals and is distributed worldwide. Blastocystis exhibits extensive genetic diversity of 28 subtypes (STs) based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene.

Alternatives in Molecular Diagnostics of and Infections.

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens that are currently considered to be most directly aligned with fungi. These fungal-related microbes cause infections in every major group of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, and more recently, because of AIDS, they have been identified as significant opportunistic parasites in man. The Microsporidia are ubiquitous parasites in the animal kingdom but, until recently, they have maintained relative anonymity because of the specialized nature of pathology researchers.

Screening of opportunistic Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in immunocompromised patients in Slovakia.

Objective: In recent years new infectious diseases, i.e. emerging or re-emerging diseases, have been coming to the forefront.

Molecular characterization of new genotypes Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Slovakia.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is characterized as a ubiquitous intestinal parasite with a wide genetic diversity, and it is capable of infecting a diverse range of hosts all around the world. Since information about the genotype diversity of E. bieneusi in pigs, calves, sheep and goats in Slovakia is very limited, we examined three farms where we mapped the occurrence of E.

The first report of animal genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent humans in Slovakia.

The aim of our study was to determine species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in patients suffering from immunosuppressive illnesses, but also in immunocompetent patients suffering from diarrhoea. A total of 80 samples of faeces were collected from both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients. The immunosuppressed patients (65 samples) - 35 adult patients (group A) and 30 children (group B) were hospitalized at the Clinic of Oncohemathology.

Chlamydiosis in farmed chickens in Slovakia and zoonotic risk for humans.

Introduction: is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium causing respiratory disease (chlamydiosis) or asymptomatic carriage in poultry. In humans, it is a zoonotic agent of ornithosis/psittacosis. Due to low awareness of the disease and variable clinical presentation, psittacosis is often remains unrecognised as such by general practitioners.

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium in the water basins of nitra region, slovakia.

Cryptosporidium species C. parvum and C. hominis are a common cause of human diarrheal infections worldwide.

Sensitivity, specificity and comparison of three commercially available immunological tests in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species in animals.

The study was conducted to compare the specificity of immunological diagnostic methods used for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species capable of causing life-threatening infection in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients. For the detection of Cryptosporidium species in 79 animals with diarrhoea, we used three Copro-antigen tests: RIDASCREENCryptosporidium test, Cryptosporidium 2nd Generation (ELISA) and RIDAQUICK Cryptosporidium. For immunoassays we used positive and negative samples detected by means of polymerase chain reaction and validated by sequencing and nested polymerase chain reaction to confirm the presence six different species of Cryptosporidium species.

Rodents as a reservoir of infection caused by multiple zoonotic species/genotypes of C. parvum, C. hominis, C. suis, C. scrofarum, and the first evidence of C. muskrat genotypes I and II of rodents in Europe.

Cryptosporidium spp. is an important causative agent of intestinal parasitoses-induced diarrhoea in humans and animals worldwide. Rodents (small mammals), the main reservoir of infections, are globally expanded and overpopulated, which increases the risk of transfer of human and zoonotic pathogens from the genus Cryptosporidium.

Detection and identification of six Cryptospordium species in livestock in Slovakia by amplification of SSU and GP60 genes with the use of PCR analysis.

Introduction: In this study we examined 200 faecal samples from pigs and calves with suspected cryptosporidiosis were examined by the PCR methods: nested PCR for amplification of SSU region; nested PCR for amplification of GP60 region; and with restriction analysis of DNA (PCR-RFLP). The sequencing identified the following species: Cryptosporidium muris (2), Cryptosporidium andersoni (1), Cryptosporidium bovis (4), Cryptosporidium suis (2), Cryptosporidium scrofarum (10), mixed infection caused by C. scrofarum and C.

Detection of CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI in feral pigeons (COLUMBA LIVIA DOMESTICA) in Slovakia and their characterisation.

Introduction And Objectives: Chlamydia psittaci, an obligate intracellular bacterium, which is the etiologic agent of avian chlamydiosis in birds and ornithosis/psittacosis in humans, has been reported to be one of the most common pathogens found in feral pigeons worldwide, and thus constitutes a zoonotic risk. The aim of the study was to investigate pigeons in Slovakia living in areas in close proximity to humans for the presence of C. psittaci, using pharyngeal and cloacal swabs.

Molecular characterization and first report of Cryptosporidium genotypes in human population in the Slovak Republic.

In our study, we examined 91 fecal samples from five different groups of people containing HIV patients, hemodialysis patients, kidney transplant recipients, immunocompetent humans without clinical signs, and humans with suspected cryptosporidiosis. The purpose of our study was to determine species and genotype composition of representatives of Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene and examine their phylogenetic relationship.

First report of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection of wild mice in Slovakia.

Increased risk of zoonotic transmission of the potential human pathogenic species Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Encephalitozoon cuniculi was detected in wild immunocompetent mice (Mus musculus musculus; n=280). Analysis was conducted with the use of PMP1/PMP2 primers and SYBR Green RT-PCR. Using Real Time PCR and comparing the sequences with sequences in the GenBank, E.

Significantly higher occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in Roma children compared with non-Roma children in Slovakia.

Cryptosporidiosis is considered to be a widespread world zoonosis. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium species was investigated in Roma children in a district of Eastern Slovakia and, at the same time, also in children of non-Roma parents. In total, 103 children (54 boys and 49 girls) between 0 and 14 years of age were involved in this study.

Serological screening of selected microsporidia in HPV-positive women.

Microsporidiosis is considered to be emerging opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the specific serum antibodies to intestinal microsporidia Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in women with Human Papillomavirus HPV and without HPV by the indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). From total number of 669 examined women, 225 were HPV positive and 444 women HPV negative.

Occurrence of microsporidia as emerging pathogens in Slovak Roma children and their impact on public health.

Introduction And Objective: Microsporidia are identified as ubiquitous organisms of almost every animal group and are now recognized as emerging opportunistic pathogens of human. The risk factors include immunodeficiency, lack of sanitation, and exposure to contaminated water and infected animals. In Slovakia, the places with an increased risk of infection due to the presence of risk factors and routes of transmission are represented by Roma settlements.

First detection and genotyping of human-associated microsporidia in wild waterfowl of Slovakia.

A total of 47 avian faecal samples of wild waterfowl (great cormorant - Phalacrocorax carbo, great crested grebe - Podiceps cristatus, white stork - Ciconia ciconia) trapped in the eastern Slovakia were screened for the presence of human pathogenic microsporidia by microscopy and real-time SYBR Green PCR method using species primers and sequenced. Microscopic analysis showed presence in 32 samples (29 cormorants, 3 dippers). Microsporidial DNA (Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I) was identified in 19 faeces samples (40.