Course of objectively measured physical activity and sleep in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A 1-year follow-up.

Background: As physical inactivity and poor sleep quality may impose additional risk for cancer recurrence and overall mortality in postmenopausal breast cancer (PMBC) survivors, it is important to gain insight into the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their physical activity (PA) and sleep level.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the course of their physical activity (PA) and sleep throughout governmental measures against COVID-19 during 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: PMBC survivors (n = 96) wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for seven consecutive days at 12 and 18 months after diagnosis and additional measurements were taken after onset of the second (partial) COVID-19 lockdown.

Linseed oil supplementation and DGAT1 K232A polymorphism affect the triacylglycerol composition and crystallization of milk fat.

We studied the effect of dietary linseed oil (LSO) supplementation and DGAT1 K232A (DGAT1) polymorphism on the triacylglycerol composition and crystallization of bovine milk fat. LSO supplementation increased unsaturated triacylglycerols, notably in the C52-C54 carbon range, while reducing the saturated C29-C49 triacylglycerols. These changes were associated with an increase in the low-melting fraction and the crystal lamellar thickness, as well as a reduction in the medium and high-melting fractions and the formation of the most abundant crystal type at 20 °C (β'-2 polymorph).

Feeding hydrogenated palm fatty acids and rumen-protected protein to lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows modifies milk fat triacylglycerol composition and structure, and solid fat content.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fat and protein supplementation to dairy cattle rations on milk fat triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, fatty acid (FA) positional distribution in the TAG structure, and milk solid fat content (SFC). Fifty-six lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were blocked into 14 groups of 4 cows and randomly assigned 1 of 4 dietary treatments fed for 28 d: (1) low protein, low fat, (2) high protein, low fat, (3) low protein, high fat, and (4) high protein, high fat. The high protein and high fat diets were obtained by isoenergetically supplementing the basal ration (low protein, low fat) with rumen-protected soybean meal and rumen-protected rapeseed meal, and hydrogenated palm FA (mainly C16:0 and C18:0), respectively.

Seasonal variation in the positional distribution of fatty acids in bovine milk fat.

The aim of this study was to determine the seasonal variation in the positional distribution of fatty acids (FA) in bovine milk fat. Bovine milk samples were collected from May 2017 to April 2018 in the Netherlands, and the FA composition in the sn-2 position was determined by using sn-1(3)-selective transesterification of Candida antarctica lipase B. The majority of the FA showed significant variation at sn-2 and sn-1(3) positions between different seasons.

Multiple phase transitions and microstructural rearrangements shape milk fat crystal networks.

Hypothesis: The rheology of milk fat, which is strongly related to its functionality, reflects multiscale structural transitions in the colloidal network formed by crystallizing triacylglycerols.

Experiments: To relate rheology to structure, early stages of milk fat crystallization at 15-22 °C were studied combining different techniques; XRD and microscopy to study structural changes, NMR to quantify the different structures, and rheology to evaluate their effect on macroscopic properties.

Findings: Network strength increased with the synchronized formation of micro- and nanostructures.

Seasonal variation in fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of bovine milk fat.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of seasonal variation on the changes of the fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of bovine milk fat (MF) in a nonseasonal milking system. Weekly milk samples were collected from 14 dairy factories and pooled per week as representative samples of the average Dutch bovine milk. The sample collection started in May 2017 and finished in April 2018, resulting in a total of 52 samples, corresponding to each week of the year.

Combining multi-population datasets for joint genome-wide association and meta-analyses: The case of bovine milk fat composition traits.

In genome-wide association studies (GWAS), sample size is the most important factor affecting statistical power that is under control of the investigator, posing a major challenge in understanding the genetics underlying difficult-to-measure traits. Combining data sets available from different populations for joint or meta-analysis is a promising alternative to increasing sample sizes available for GWAS. Simulation studies indicate statistical advantages from combining raw data or GWAS summaries in enhancing quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection power.

Characterisation of triacylglycerols from bovine milk fat fractions with MALDI-TOF-MS fragmentation.

In this study, we used MALDI-TOF-MS to profile and characterise the triacylglycerol (TAG) species of anhydrous bovine milk fat (AMF) and its low melting (olein) and high melting (stearin) fractions obtained by dry fractionation. Silver-ion solid phase extraction (Ag-SPE) cartridges were utilised to separate the TAGs according to saturation degree. Then, several TAG species were selected and fragmented via post-source decay (PSD) fragmentation.

The DGAT1 K232A polymorphism and feeding modify milk fat triacylglycerol composition.

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the changes in triacylglycerol (TAG) composition as affected by alterations in the cows' diet due to seasonal variations and genetic factors. For this study, 50 milk fat samples in winter and 50 in summer were used from 25 cows with the DGAT1 KK genotype and 25 cows with the DGAT1 AA genotype. The samples were analyzed for milk fat content (%), fat composition, and TAG composition.

Submandibular gland botulinum neurotoxin A injection for predicting the outcome of submandibular duct relocation in drooling: a retrospective cohort study.

Aim: This study evaluated whether the effect of submandibular gland botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) injection can predict the outcome of submandibular duct relocation with sublingual gland excision (SMDR) in children with drooling. Furthermore, we compared the effectiveness of both procedures.

Method: A retrospective cohort study was performed in 42 children and adolescents (25 males, 17 females; mean [SD] age at BoNT-A injection 11y [4], range 4-20y; mean [SD] age at SMDR 15y [4], range 7-23y) with cerebral palsy or another non-progressive developmental disability who had undergone both BoNT-A injection and SMDR for drooling.

Multi-population GWAS and enrichment analyses reveal novel genomic regions and promising candidate genes underlying bovine milk fatty acid composition.

Background: The power of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is often limited by the sample size available for the analysis. Milk fatty acid (FA) traits are scarcely recorded due to expensive and time-consuming analytical techniques. Combining multi-population datasets can enhance the power of GWAS enabling detection of genomic region explaining medium to low proportions of the genetic variation.

Genome-wide association study for α- and α-casein phosphorylation in Dutch Holstein Friesian.

Phosphorylation of caseins (CN) is a crucial post-translational modification that allows caseins to form colloid particles known as casein micelles. Both α- and α-CN show varying degrees of phosphorylation (isoforms) in cow milk and were suggested to be more relevant for stabilizing internal micellar structure than β- and κ-CN. However, little is known about the genetic background of individual α-CN phosphorylation isoforms and the phosphorylation degrees of α- and α-CN (α-CN PD and α-CN PD), defined as the proportion of isoforms with higher degrees of phosphorylation in total α- and α-CN, respectively.

Energy and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows at low or high metabolizable protein levels is affected differently by postrumen glucogenic and lipogenic substrates.

This study tested the effects of energy from glucogenic (glucose; GG) or lipogenic (palm olein; LG) substrates at low (LMP) and high (HMP) metabolizable protein levels on whole-body energy and N partitioning of dairy cattle. Six rumen-fistulated, second-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (97 ± 13 d in milk) were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design in which each experimental period consisted of 5 d of continuous abomasal infusion followed by 2 d of rest. A total mixed ration consisting of 42% corn silage, 31% grass silage, and 27% concentrate (dry matter basis) was formulated to meet 100 and 83% of net energy and metabolizable protein requirements, respectively, and was fed at 90% of ad libitum intake by individual cow.

A quantitative model of the bovine casein micelle: ion equilibria and calcium phosphate sequestration by individual caseins in bovine milk.

The white appearance of skim milk is due to strong light scattering by colloidal particles called casein micelles. Bovine casein micelles comprise expressed proteins from four casein genes together with significant fractions of the total calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium and citrate ions in the milk. Thus, the milk salts are partitioned between the casein micelles, where they are mostly in the form of nanoclusters of an amorphous calcium phosphate sequestered by caseins through their phosphorylated residues, with the remainder in the continuous phase.

Feed and nitrogen efficiency are affected differently but milk lactose production is stimulated equally when isoenergetic protein and fat is supplemented in lactating dairy cow diets.

Fifty-six Holstein-Friesian cows were used in a randomized complete block design to test the effects of supplemental energy from protein (PT) and fat (FT) on lactation performance and nutrient digestibility in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. During the control period, cows were adapted for 28 d to a basal total mixed ration consisting of 34% grass silage, 33% corn silage, 5% grass hay, and 28% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Experimental rations were fed for 28 d immediately following the control period and consisted of (1) low protein, low fat (LP/LF), (2) high protein, low fat (HP/LF), (3) low protein, high fat (LP/HF), or (4) high protein and high fat (HP/HF).

Genetic parameters for α-casein and α-casein phosphorylation isoforms in Dutch Holstein Friesian.

Relative concentrations of α-casein and α-casein (α-CN and α-CN) phosphorylation isoforms vary considerably among milk of individual cows. We estimated heritabilities for α-CN phosphorylation isoforms, determined by capillary zone electrophoresis from 1,857 morning milk samples, and genetic correlations among α-CN phosphorylation isoforms in Dutch Holstein Friesian. To investigate if phosphorylation of α-CN and α-CN are due to the same genetic mechanism, we also estimated genetic correlations between α-CN and α-CN phosphorylation isoforms as well as the genetic correlations between the phosphorylation degrees (PD) of α-CN and α-CN defined as the proportion of isoforms with higher degrees of phosphorylation in total α-CN and α-CN, respectively.

Foam and thin films of hydrophilic silica particles modified by β-casein.

Hypothesis: Foaming properties of particle dispersions can be modified by addition of amphiphiles. The molar ratio between particles and amphiphiles will influence the wetting properties of the particles as well as the bulk concentration of the amphiphiles. This will have an effect on air/water interfacial composition as well as on the thin film and foam stability of the mixed system.

Radiofrequency-induced thermo-chemotherapy effect (RITE) for non muscle invasive bladder cancer treatment: current role and perspectives.

Objective: An updated review of intravesical radiofrequency (RF)-induced thermo-chemotherapy effect (RITE) for NMIBC with regard to efficacy, adverse events (AEs) and perspectives.

Evidence Acquisition: An extensive and sensitive search for RF-induced chemo-hyperthermia in Medline, Embase, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed.

Interfacial properties, thin film stability and foam stability of casein micelle dispersions.

Foam stability of casein micelle dispersions (CMDs) strongly depends on aggregate size. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the role of interfacial and thin film properties was investigated. CMDs were prepared at 4°C and 20°C, designated as CMD and CMD.

Influence of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 on post-acidification, metabolite formation and survival of starter bacteria in set-yoghurt.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the growth and survival of the model probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 in co-culture with traditional yoghurt starters and to investigate the impact of preculturing on their survival and metabolite formation in set-yoghurt. L. plantarum WCFS1 was precultured under sublethal stress conditions (combinations of elevated NaCl and low pH) in a batch fermentor before inoculation in milk.

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of undissociated lactic, acetic, citric and propionic acid for Listeria monocytogenes under conditions relevant to cheese.

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of undissociated lactic acid were determined for six different Listeria monocytogenes strains at 30 °C and in a pH range of 4.2-5.8.

Milk fat triacylglycerols and their relations with milk fatty acid composition, DGAT1 K232A polymorphism, and milk production traits.

Milk fat (MF) triacylglycerols (TAG) determine the physical and functional properties of butter and products rich in MF. To predict these properties, it is necessary to understand the variability of fatty acids, TAG, their associations, and their effect on milk productive traits, days in milk (DIM), and genes related to fat synthesis. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the variability of TAG using MF from individual cows and to investigate the effect of fatty acid composition, DGAT1 K232A polymorphism, DIM, and milk production traits (fat content and morning milk yield) on MF TAG profile in the Dutch Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle population.

Intravesical radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Although many treatment modalities and schedules for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) exist, all yet prove to have limitations. Therefore the search for new forms of therapy continues. One of these forms consists of combining intravesical chemotherapy, typically mitomycin C (MMC), with hyperthermia achieved by a microwave-applicator.

Effects of the diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A polymorphism on fatty acid, protein, and mineral composition of dairy cattle milk.

Several studies have described associations between the diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A polymorphism and routinely collected milk production traits but not much is known about effects of the DGAT1 polymorphism on detailed milk composition. The aim of this study was to estimate effects of the DGAT1 polymorphism on milk fatty acid, protein, and mineral composition. We looked for effects that were significant and consistent in Danish Holstein Friesian (HF), Danish Jersey, and Dutch HF as these are likely to be true effects of the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism rather than being effects of linked loci.