Exploring sleep-related breathing disorders in pediatric obesity and Prader-Willi syndrome.

Objective: To analyze the differences of clinical and diagnostic features of sleep related breathing disorders (SRBDs) between children with PWS and obese children, considering obesity as a unifying risk factor for sleep apnea.

Study Design: This retrospective cohort study included ≥2 years of age children who had obesity and genetically confirmed Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) or were non-PWS obese children. Out of 267 children, 58 children met inclusion criteria.

Masks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in children.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is the most common interstitial lung disease in children, but remains rarely recognized in the pediatric population. Early recognition of triggering factors and a high index of suspicion of HP could lead to timely diagnosis and individualized treatment. This study aimed to present four clinical cases of HP reported between 2012 and 2022 in Lithuania to improve the suspicion of the disease in children.

Case report: Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis and Kommerell's diverticulum in 1-year old girl.

Background: Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA) and Kommerell's diverticulum (KD) are two rare embryologically unrelated congenital vascular malformations rarely diagnosed in children. This is the first report of our knowledge of the unique combination for a child as patients are at a high risk of pulmonary hypertension and rupture of the diverticulum. Our aim is to present the case of a pediatric patient with UPAA and KD with the short literature review and to highlight the importance of early diagnostics of rare congenital vascular malformations.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccine-induced Osteomyelitis in Immunocompetent Children: A 10-year Case Series in Lithuania.

The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced osteomyelitis is an extremely rare systemic adverse reaction after BCG vaccination in immunocompetent children and the correct diagnosis is frequently missed. We present 4 clinical cases of BCG-induced osteomyelitis reported over a 10-year period in a high-TB incidence country Lithuania. A brief review of clinical, management and treatment features of the disease is given.

Short course of systemic corticosteroids in wheezy children: still an open question.

Introduction: We performed a real-life clinical study to identify the main indications for the prescription of short-course treatment with systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS) for steroid naive children with acute virus-induced wheezing as well as to analyze the influence of such treatment on patients' serum cortisol level, other blood tests results and the length of stay in the hospital.

Material And Methods: The data of 44 patients who had acute wheezing, had no bacterial infection and were otherwise healthy were analyzed: 26 children received treatment with GCS and 18 children did not. Full blood count, biochemistry tests (Na, K, glucose) and blood cortisol levels of all patients were analyzed during treatment.

Lower Airway Virology in Health and Disease-From Invaders to Symbionts.

Studies of human airway virome are relatively recent and still very limited. Culture-independent microbial techniques showed growing evidence of numerous viral communities in the respiratory microbial ecosystem. The significance of different acute respiratory viruses is already known in the pathogenesis of chronic conditions, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), or chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and their exacerbations.

Relevance of nasal potential difference in diagnosis of cystic fibrosis among children.

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to estimate the significance of nasal potential difference (NPD) in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) in children with clinical symptoms suggestive of the disease, positive sweat test results, and/or genetically confirmed diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS.

A mediastinal mass mimicking asthma symptoms.

Extramedullary myeloid sarcoma is a rare form of myelogenous leukemia. It can involve any anatomical body part. Mediastinal involvement is reported in only few cases.

[Consensus on asthma diagnosis and treatment in children and adults].

Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is a growing problem of public health. The current consensus is based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and other guidelines for asthma, and adapted for Lithuania. This Consensus provides physicians with recommendations for asthma management in children and adults.

[Current treatment options for acute bronchiolitis in children].

Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and is responsible for the majority of pediatric hospital admissions in winter. Respiratory syncytial virus has been identified as the main causative agent, causing 50-90% of the cases of bronchiolitis. Despite significant advances in pharmacotherapy, the management of infants with bronchiolitis has changed little over the years from supplemental oxygen and good fluid management.