Kinetics independent spectrometric analysis using non-linear calibration modelling and exploitation of concentration gradients generated by a flow-batch system for albumin and total protein determination in blood serum.

An automatic method for kinetics independent spectrometric analysis is proposed in this study. It uses a non-linear calibration model that explores concentration gradients generated by a flow-batch analyser (FBA) for the samples, dye, and the single standard solution. The procedure for obtaining the gradients of the dye and standard solution is performed once at the beginning of analysis.

Digital image-based flame emission spectrometry.

A digital image-based flame emission spectrometric (DIB-FES) method for the quantitative chemical analysis is proposed here for the first time. The DIB-FES method employs a webcam to capture the digital images which are associated to a radiation emitted by the analyte into an air-butane flame. Since the detection by webcam is based on the RGB (red-green-blue) colour system, a novel mathematical model was developed in order to build DIB-FES analytical curves and estimate figures of merit for the proposed method.

Digital image-based titrations.

The exploitation of digital images obtained from a CCD camera (WebCam) as a novel instrumental detection technique for titration is proposed for the first time. Named of digital image-based (DIB) titration, it also requires, as a traditional titration (for example, spectrophotometric, potentiometric, conductimetric), a discontinuity in titration curves where there is an end point, which is associated to the chemical equivalence condition. The monitored signal in the DIB titration is a RGB-based value that is calculated, for each digital image, by using a proposed procedure based on the red, green, and blue colour system.

A flow-injection biamperometric method for determination of pantoprazole in pharmaceutical tablets.

A flow-injection biamperometric method for determination of pantoprazole (PTZ) in pharmaceutical tablets is reported for the first time. The reversible redox couples Fe3+/Fe2+, Fe(CN)6(3-)/Fe(CN)6(4-), Ce4+/Ce3+, VO3(-)NO2+, and I2/I- were tested as indicating redox systems for biamperometric determination of PTZ in a flow-injection assembly with optimized flow parameters. The best results were obtained using V03(-)NO2+, which showed to be a selective and sensitive biamperometric indicating system for PTZ even in the presence of excipients and antioxidants that typically are found in drugs.

A multiscale wavelet data treatment for reliable localization of inflection points for analytical purposes.

Instrumental analysis techniques that employ measurements based on inflection points may have their accuracy compromised due to the need for signal differentiation, which is very sensitive to instrumental noise. This paper presents a strategy for localizing inflection points that exploits the multiscale processing capability of the Wavelet Transform and avoids the need for explicit signal differentiation. The strategy is illustrated in simulated examples and also in a real analytical problem involving the determination of Pb and Cd by potentiometric stripping analysis.