Regional Hereditary Cancer Program in Chile: A scalable model of genetic counseling and molecular diagnosis to improve clinical outcomes for patients with hereditary cancer across Latin America.

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with hereditary forms accounting for approximately 10% of cases. In Chile, significant gaps exist in genetic counseling and testing, particularly within the public health system. This study presents the implementation and outcomes of the first regional hereditary cancer program in the Maule region of Chile, aimed at improving detection and management of hereditary breast cancer.

Treatment of Cigarette Butts: Biodegradation of Cellulose Acetate by Rot Fungi and Bacteria.

This study demonstrated the biodegradation of two different brands of cigarette butts (CBs), which are primarily composed of cellulose acetate, by four distinct microorganisms. These included the white rot fungus , the brown rot fungus , and the bacteria and . After 31 days of treatment, weight loss measurements revealed a mass loss of 24-34%, where exhibited the greatest efficacy in terms of mass loss for both brands of CBs.

Microbiological and Physicochemical Approach in the Feeding of Superworm () with Petroleum-Derived Polymer Diets.

Plastics are very versatile materials that have contributed to the development of society since the 19th century; however, their mismanagement has led to an accumulation of plastic waste in almost every ecosystem, affecting the fauna of the planet. However, recently, some studies have shown that some insects might be able to adapt, consuming a wide range of hydrocarbon base polymers. In this work, the adaptive capacity of larvae when feeding on different synthetic polymers derived from petroleum was studied.

Photochemical carboborylation and three-component difunctionalization of α,β-unsaturated ketones with boronic acids tosylhydrazones.

The reactions of cyclic α,β-unsaturated -tosylhydrazones and alkylboronic acids promoted by 370-390 nm light in the presence of a base give rise to allylic boronic acids that can be trapped as the corresponding pinacolboronates by treatment with pinacol. This reaction features wide scope regarding both coupling partners and functional group tolerance, allowing for the incorporation of a variety of natural product-derived fragments. The allylic boronic acids can be also reacted in a one-pot process with aldehydes, to produce homoallylic alcohols with very high diastereoselectivity.

Biopolymers as Sustainable and Active Packaging Materials: Fundamentals and Mechanisms of Antifungal Activities.

Developing bio-based and biodegradable materials has become important to meet current market demands, government regulations, and environmental concerns. The packaging industry, particularly for food and beverages, is known to be the world's largest consumer of plastics. Therefore, the demand for sustainable alternatives in this area is needed to meet the industry's requirements.

Immune effector cell-associated enterocolitis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma.

We report 14 cases of immune effector cell (IEC)-associated enterocolitis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in multiple myeloma, with a 1.2% incidence overall (0.2% for idecabtagene vicleucel and 2.

Impella 5.5: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature.

Objective: Impella 5.5 (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) is a temporary mechanical circulatory support device used for patients in cardiogenic shock. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the device's clinical effectiveness, safety profile, patient outcomes, and relevant procedural considerations.

Land use around influences the entomological community in lettuce horticultural systems.

The complexity of the agroecosystem can also be assessed by the different land uses in the system and the surroundings, being a relevant way to assess the heterogeneity of the landscape and the effects on the community of interest, in this case, entomofauna. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify how the use of soil in the surroundings of Chilean lettuce horticultural systems, in the Coquimbo Region, alters the entomological community of the crop. Insect sampling was conducted (February 2021 to March 2022) using yellow pan traps.

Evaluating ChatGPT's moral competence in health care-related ethical problems.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence tools such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) have been used for many health care-related applications; however, there is a lack of research on their capabilities for evaluating morally and/or ethically complex medical decisions. The objective of this study was to assess the moral competence of ChatGPT.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between May 2023 and July 2023 using scenarios from the Moral Competence Test (MCT).

Detection of capillary abnormalities in early diabetic retinopathy using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography combined with adaptive optics.

This study tested if a high-resolution, multi-modal, multi-scale retinal imaging instrument can provide novel information about structural abnormalities in vivo. The study examined 11 patients with very mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 10 healthy subjects using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO), adaptive optics OCT and OCTA (AO-OCT(A)). Of 21 eyes of 11 patients, 11 had very mild NPDR, 8 had mild NPDR, 2 had moderate NPDR, and 1 had no retinopathy.

Transcriptomic responses of Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica to nanoparticles, at single and combined exposures reveal ecologically relevant biomarkers.

In recent years micro- and nanoplastics and metal-oxide nanomaterials have been found in several environmental compartments. The Antarctic soft clam Laternula elliptica is an endemic Antarctic species having a wide distribution in the Southern Ocean. Being a filter-feeder, it could act as suitable bioindicator of pollution from nanoparticles also considering its sensitivity to various sources of stress.

MnO/TiO-Catalyzed ozonolysis: enhancing Pentachlorophenol degradation and understanding intermediates.

Pentachlorophenol is a pesticide widely known for its harmful effects on sewage, causing harm to the environment. In previous studies, our group identified adsorption as a crucial factor in catalytic ozonation processes, and subsequent observations revealed the catalyst's role in reducing toxicity during degradation. In this research, we quantified organochlorine intermediates and low molecular weight organic acids generated under optimal pH conditions (pH 9), with and without the catalyst.

Production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanoparticles using grape residues as the sole carbon source.

The production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) on an industrial scale remains a major challenge due to its higher production cost compared to petroleum-based plastics. As a result, it is necessary to develop efficient fermentative processes using low-cost substrates and identify high-value-added applications where biodegradability and biocompatibility properties are of fundamental importance. In this study, grape residues, mainly grape skins, were used as the sole carbon source in Azotobacter vinelandii OP cultures for PHB production and subsequent nanoparticle synthesis based on the extracted polymer.

Impact of Nutritional Status on Total Brain Tissue Volumes in Preterm Infants.

Preterm infants bypass the crucial in utero period of brain development and are at increased risk of malnutrition. We aimed to determine if their nutritional status is associated with brain tissue volumes at term equivalent age (TEA), applying recently published malnutrition guidelines for preterm infants. We performed a single center retrospective chart review of 198 infants < 30 weeks' gestation between 2018 and 2021.

Synthesis of substituted benzylboronates by light promoted homologation of boronic acids with -sulfonylhydrazones.

The synthesis of benzylboronates by photochemical homologation of boronic acids with -tosylhydrazones under basic conditions is described. The reaction involves the photolysis of the -tosylhydrazone salt to give a diazoalkane followed by the geminal carboborylation of the diazoalkane. Under the mild reaction conditions, the protodeboronation of the unstable benzylboronic acid is circumvented and the pinacolboronates can be isolated after reaction of the benzylboronic acid with pinacol.

Photochemical halogen-bonding assisted carbothiophosphorylation reactions of alkenyl and 1,3-dienyl bromides.

Herein, we present a synthetic procedure for the facile and general preparation of novel -alkenyl and dienyl phosphoro(di)thioates for the first time. Extensive mechanistic investigations support that the reactions rely on a photochemical excitation of a halogen-bonding complex, formed with a phosphorothioate salt and an alkenyl or dienyl bromide, which light-induced fragmentation leads to the formation of the desired products through a radical-based pathway. The substrate scope is broad and exhibits a wide functional group tolerance in the formation of the final compounds, including molecules derived from natural products, all with unknown and potentially interesting biological properties.

Reconsidering FDA Guidelines: A Single-Center Experience of Prolonged Impella 5.5 Support.

Objective: Impella 5.5 (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for mechanical circulatory support for ≤14 days. It is unknown whether prolonged support is associated with worse outcomes.

Appraising the Quality of Reporting of Vascular Surgery Studies That Use the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Database.

Objective: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) is an important data source for observational studies. While there are guides to ensure appropriate study reporting, there has been no evaluation of NSQIP studies in vascular surgery. We sought to evaluate the adherence of vascular-surgery related NSQIP studies to best reporting practices.

Microbiome maps: Hilbert curve visualizations of metagenomic profiles.

Abundance profiles from metagenomic sequencing data synthesize information from billions of sequenced reads coming from thousands of microbial genomes. Analyzing and understanding these profiles can be a challenge since the data they represent are complex. Particularly challenging is their visualization, as existing techniques are inadequate when the taxa number is in the thousands.

Release of phenolic compounds from fermented cocoa powder during fast heating in a novel hot plate reactor.

This article studies the release of phenolic compounds during cocoa heating under vacuum, N, and air atmospheres, and proposes fast heating (60 °C • s) as a methodology that allows the release of polyphenols from fermented cocoa powder. We aim to demonstrate that gas phase transport is not the only mechanism to extract compounds of interest and that convective-type mechanisms can facilitate the process by reducing their degradation. The oxidation and transport phenomena were evaluated both in the extracted fluid and in the solid sample during the heating process.

Circulating Biomarkers in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction is an underdiagnosed pathologic process that is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Biomarkers, molecules measurable in the blood, could inform the clinician by aiding in the diagnosis and management of coronary microvascular dysfunction. We present an updated review of circulating biomarkers in coronary microvascular dysfunction representing key pathologic processes, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, coagulation, and other mechanisms.

Shining light on halogen-bonding complexes: a catalyst-free activation mode of carbon-halogen bonds for the generation of carbon-centered radicals.

The discovery of new activation modes for the creation of carbon-centered radicals is a task of great interest in organic chemistry. Classical activation modes for the generation of highly reactive radical carbon-centered intermediates typically relied on thermal activation of radical initiators or irradiation with unsafe energetic UV light of adequate reaction precursors. In recent years, photoredox chemistry has emerged as a leading strategy towards the catalytic generation of C-centered radicals, which enabled their participation in novel synthetic organic transformations which is otherwise very challenging or even impossible to take place.