Imaging Assessment of Prostate Cancer Extra-prostatic Extension: From Histology to Controversies.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin malignancy among men and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Accurate staging of PCa, particularly the assessment of extra-prostatic extension (EPE), is critical for prognosis and treatment planning. EPE, typically evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is associated with higher risks of positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and reduced overall survival.

Quantification of hepatic fat: evaluation of different magnetic resonance imaging measurement strategies in cases of homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution.

Objective: To evaluate three different measurements strategies to quantify hepatic steatosis and to investigate the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous forms of hepatic steatosis.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study conducted by magnetic resonance imaging review. We evaluated three different strategies measures for quantification of hepatic steatosis in two matched groups: homogeneous and heterogeneous steatosis.

Comparison of Morphological and Functional MRI Assessments of Periprostatic Fat for Predicting Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether morphological (linear measurements) and functional (ADC value) assessments of periprostatic fat can predict the aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) over a 5-year follow-up period.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included patients with histologically proven PCa who underwent 3.0T MRI between July 2016 and June 2018.

Stereotactic radiotherapy as a valuable therapeutic procedure for controlling aldosterone-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma.

Aldosterone-secreting adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare and usually present as large tumors. The only potentially curative treatment for ACC is surgical resection. However, surgery may be unfeasible in some patients who have multiple comorbidities or decline the procedure.

The incremental value of histogram analysis in the differentiation between hyperdense cysts and solid renal masses on unenhanced CT images.

Objective: To investigate the utility of voxel histogram analysis (HA) for differentiating hyperdense renal cysts from small solid masses on unenhanced CT scans.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 99 hyperdense cystic lesions and 28 solid malignant lesions was conducted using a radiological database (from 2015 to 2021) and a pathological database (from 2010 to 2020). The study investigated the distribution of voxel attenuation values using percentiles to establish reliable criteria for differentiation after drawing a region of interest (ROI) in the centre of the lesions.

The Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) in the Management of Patients with Bladder Cancer: Vision of the American College of Radiology VI-RADS Steering Committee.

The American College of Radiology Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) Steering Committee will strive to ensure high-quality imaging practices for bladder cancer (BC) and improve outcomes for BC patients. Work will involve evaluation of the current status of magnetic resonance imaging for BC and identify actionable areas to improve its utility in clinical practice. Current VI-RADS gaps related to unmet clinical needs, research areas to address, and future steps and timelines will be identified.

Effective treatment of collecting duct carcinoma in a recipient of a kidney transplant: A case report.

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare disease associated with a high mortality rate. The present study describes the case of a recipient of a kidney transplant with metastatic allograft CDC whose treatment was successful. The patient underwent nephrectomy, and chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, while undergoing haemodialysis treatment and remained in remission after 6 years of follow-up.

Imaging assessment of prostate cancer recurrence: advances in detection of local and systemic relapse.

Prostate cancer (PCa) relapse, defined either by persistent PSA levels (after RP) or biochemical recurrence (BCR), is a common occurrence. The imaging evaluation of patients experiencing PCa relapse has undergone significant advancements in the past decade, notably with the introduction of new Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers such as Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and the progress in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This article will explore the role of traditional imaging, the evolution of MRI towards the development of the Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) scoring system, and how next-generation imaging is enhancing diagnostic accuracy in the setting of PCa relapse, which is essential for adopting personalized strategies that may ultimately impact outcomes.

Lung Ultrasound Score at Hospital Discharge as a Predictor of Emergency Department Visit and Hospital Readmission in Patients With Acute Heart Failure.

Purpose The number of B-lines on lung ultrasound at hospital discharge in patients admitted with acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with poor outcomes. Assessing B-lines can be challenging to execute and replicate, depending on the clinical context. This study aims to determine whether the lung ultrasound score (LUS) at discharge predicts hospital readmission or emergency department (ED) visits in the 30 days after an AHF hospital admission.

Lung cancer screening in Brazil: recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, Brazilian Thoracic Association, and Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging.

Although lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common and lethal tumors, only 15% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Smoking is still responsible for more than 85% of cases. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC-related mortality by 20%, and that reduction reaches 38% when LCS by LDCT is combined with smoking cessation.

Practical Guide to VI-RADS: MRI Protocols, Lesion Characterization, and Pitfalls.

Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer (BC), accounting for approximately 90% of all cases. Evaluating the depth of tumor invasion in the bladder wall (tumor staging) is essential for determining the treatment and prognosis in patients with BC. Neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical cystectomy is the most common treatment of localized muscle-invasive BC (MIBC).

Clinical application of bladder MRI and the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System.

Diagnostic work-up and risk stratification in patients with bladder cancer before and after treatment must be refined to optimize management and improve outcomes. MRI has been suggested as a non-invasive technique for bladder cancer staging and assessment of response to systemic therapy. The Vesical Imaging-Reporting And Data System (VI-RADS) was developed to standardize bladder MRI image acquisition, interpretation and reporting and enables accurate prediction of muscle-wall invasion of bladder cancer.

Setting up regional diagnostic reference levels for pediatric computed tomography in Latin America: preliminary results, challenges and the work ahead.

We established a framework for collecting radiation doses for head, chest and abdomen-pelvis computed tomography (CT) in children scanned at multiple imaging sites across Latin America with an aim towards establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and achievable doses (ADs) in pediatric CT in Latin America. Our study included 12 Latin American sites (in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras and Panama) contributing data on the four most common pediatric CT examinations (non-contrast head, non-contrast chest, post-contrast chest and post-contrast abdomen-pelvis). Sites contributed data on patients' age, sex and weight, scan factors (tube current and potential), volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP).

Histogram analysis in the differentiation between adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas: the value of a single measurement.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of histogram analysis on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) for differentiating between adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas (PCCs).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with proven PCCs who had undergone CT examinations between January 2009 and July 2019 at one of two institutions. For each PCC, we selected one or two adenomas diagnosed within two weeks of the date of diagnosis of the PCC.

Communication in radiology: evaluation of terminology and TNM descriptor use at a cancer center.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the transmission of information from radiologists to physicians, focusing on the level of certainty and the use of imaging descriptors from the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system.

Materials And Methods: Radiologists (n = 56) and referring physicians (n = 50) participated in this questionnaire-based, singlecenter study, conducted between March 20, 2020, and January 21, 2021. Participants were presented with terms commonly used by the radiologists at the institution and were asked to order them hierarchically in terms of the level of certainty they communicate regarding a diagnosis, using a scale ranging from 1 (most contrary to) to 10 (most favoring).

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Case series - Clinical, radiologic, therapeutic, and histological aspects.

Purpose: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a chronic and severe infection of the kidney. We aimed to review the main clinical, imaging, and histological findings and to assess predictors of surgical complications or hospitalization >10 days (no deaths reported).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively searched all patients with XGP treated at our institution from 2005 to 2019, with 57 patients enrolled.

Frequency of lipid-poor adrenal adenomas in magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the abdomen.

Objective: To estimate the frequency of lipid-poor adenomas (LPAs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively investigated adrenal lesions on MRI examinations performed in a total of 2,014 patients between January 2016 and December 2017. After exclusions, the sample comprised 69 patients with 74 proven adenomas.

Histopathological Criteria for Paediatric Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is diagnosed in paediatric patients at 5 months after symptom onset on average, and 38% die during the first 2.5 years of follow-up. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of Weiss, Van Slooten, and Wieneke histopathological ACC classifications for predicting follow-up prognosis in a paediatric population.