F74 plasmids are major vectors of virulence genes in bovine NTEC2.

Necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli 2 (NTEC2) are defined as E. coli producing the toxin known as cytotoxic necrotizing factor 2 (CNF2), a potent toxin primarily found in bovine but also in humans. NTEC2 are mostly associated with bovine, and cnf2 is known to be carried by pVir-like plasmids.

Characterization of cultivable airborne bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in French milking parlour.

The main goal of this preliminary study was to quantify airborne particles and characterize the dominant cultivable bacterial species as well as some Gram-positive species, and their antibiotic resistance pattern, from environmental samples taken inside and outside of a dairy milking parlour. Sampling was performed over 2 days, in different seasons. The small viable particulate matter < 10 μm (bioaerosols) and cultivable bacteria reached their highest concentrations in the milking parlour.

Overall changes in the transcriptome of Escherichia coli O26:H11 induced by a subinhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin.

Aims: The goal was to explore the effects of subinhibitory concentration (SIC) (0·5 MIC = 20 µg l ) of ciprofloxacin on the transcriptome of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26:H11 isolate by 60 minutes of exposure.

Materials And Results: We used a combination of comparative genomic and transcriptomic (RNAseq) analyses. The whole genome of the E.

Pathogenic in Dogs Reveals the Predominance of ST372 and the Human-Associated ST73 Extra-Intestinal Lineages.

is a ubiquitous commensal and pathogen that has also been recognized as a multi-sectoral indicator of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Given that latter focus, such as on resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and carbapenems, the reported population structure of is generally biased toward resistant isolates, with sequence type (ST)131 being widely reported in humans, and ST410 and ST648 being reported in animals. In this study, we characterized 618 non-duplicate isolates collected throughout France independently of their resistance phenotype.

Design and Validation of an Automated Process for the Expansion of Peripheral Blood-Derived CD34 Cells for Clinical Use After Myocardial Infarction.

We previously demonstrated that intracardiac delivery of autologous peripheral blood-derived CD34 stem cells (SCs), mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and collected by leukapheresis after myocardial infarction, structurally and functionally repaired the damaged myocardial area. When used for cardiac indication, CD34 cells are now considered as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs). We have industrialized their production by developing an automated device for ex vivo CD34 -SC expansion, starting from a whole blood (WB) sample.

Variant O89 O-Antigen of Is Associated With Group 1 Capsule Loci and Multidrug Resistance.

Bacterial surface polysaccharides play significant roles in fitness and virulence. In Gram-negative bacteria such as , major surface polysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsule, representing O- and K-antigens, respectively. There are multiple combinations of O:K types, many of which are well-characterized and can be related to ecotype or pathotype.

Absence of co-localization between pathovar-associated virulence factors and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (blaCTX-M) genes on a single plasmid.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were reported in virulent food-borne Escherichia coli clones, and numerous genes encoding ESBLs and virulence factors (VFs) are plasmid-mediated. We investigated the plasmidic co-localization of ESBL genes and pathovar-associated VF genes isolated in 18 E. coli isolates from faecal samples of diseased cattle.

Draft Genome Sequences of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Encoding Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have rarely been observed among Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), and, to our best knowledge, only three ESBL-positive isolates of the enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) subpathotype have been reported. Here, we present the first draft genome sequences of two ESBL-positive EHEC isolates belonging to serotypes O111:H8 and O151:H16.

Assessment of Adhesins as an Indicator of Pathovar-Associated Virulence Factors in Bovine Escherichia coli.

The CS31A, F17, and F5 adhesins are usually targeted by serology-based methods to detect pathogenic Escherichia coli associated with calf enteritis. However, the virulence traits of the selected isolates are still poorly described. Here, from a set of 349 diarrheagenic E.

Parathyroid hormone decline 4 hours after total thyroidectomy accurately predicts hypocalcemia.

Background: The level of parathyroid hormone (iPTH) serum has been controversial in the prediction of postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Analysis of the decrease between preoperative and postoperative iPTH levels should be more accurate. Therefore, the aim of our study was to prospectively establish the reliability of the iPTH decrease for early diagnosis of postoperative hypocalcemia and to identify the patients who are not at risk for hypocalcemia.

Phylogenetic grouping and virulence potential of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains in cattle.

In line with recent reports of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli isolates of highly virulent serotypes, such as O104:H4, we investigated the distribution of phylogroups (A, B1, B2, D) and virulence factor (VF)-encoding genes in 204 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from diarrheic cattle. ESBL genes, VFs, and phylogroups were identified by PCR and a commercial DNA array (Alere, France).

CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in a shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolate of serotype O111:H8.

We report the discovery of a CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) of serogroup O111:H8, a major serotype responsible for human enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections. In line with the recent CTX-M-15/O104:H4 E. coli outbreak, these data may reflect an accelerating spread of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins within the E.

Blood loss comparison during transurethral resection of prostate and high power GreenLight(™) laser therapy using isotopic measure of red blood cells volume.

Background: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard in the operative management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The main morbidity of TURP is bleeding, which leads to clot retention and blood transfusion. Newer techniques have appeared, and photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) with the GreenLight™ laser has been developed to reduce the morbidity of bladder outflow surgery.

Aerosolized gemcitabine in patients with carcinoma of the lung: feasibility and safety study.

Background: We investigated the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and feasibility of aerosolized gemcitabine (GCB) in patients with lung carcinoma.

Method: Eleven patients with carcinoma localized in the lungs were studied in a dose escalation study of aerosolized GCB administered 1 day/week for 9 consecutive weeks. Safety data, scintigraphic assessment of the delivered dose and pharmacokinetic monitoring were analyzed.

Transfer of melamine in some poultry products.

This study deals with the transfer of melamine from poultry feed to certain poultry products, such as eggs and meat destined for human consumption. The tested amounts were, respectively, 50 and 500 mg of melamine/kg of feed. The addition of melamine had no significant effect on feed consumption and egg production.

[Assessment of the usefulness of autologous serum skin testing in chronic urticaria: a retrospective single-centre study of 74 patients].

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a debilitating disease, and patients and their physicians often seek an aetiological explanation. Studies have suggested that idiopathic CU is associated with the presence of serum auto-antibodies that may be detected by autologous serum skin test (ASST).

Aim: To confirm the frequency of positivity of ASST and to evaluate its usefulness and possible correlation with the severity of urticaria (greater resistance to AH1, greater activity score or longer duration).

Impact of deoxynivalenol on the intestinal microflora of pigs.

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species, is a frequent contaminant of cereal. In the present study, 24 weanling piglets received either control feed or feed naturally contaminated with DON (2.8 mg/kg) for four weeks.

A highly specific microarray method for point mutation detection.

Improvements of microarray techniques for genotyping purposes have focused on increasing the reliability of this method. Here we report the development of a genotyping method where a microarray was spotted with stemloop probes, especially designed to optimize the hybridization specificity of complementary DNA sequences. This accurate method was used to screen for four common disease-causing mutations involved in a neurological disorder called Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT).

Comparative analysis of different scintigraphic approaches to assess pulmonary ventilation.

A study was carried out to investigate the predictive value of 81-metastable-krypton (81mKr) distribution, high-size 99-metastable-technetium (99mTc) aerosol deposition and low-size 99mTc aerosol (Technegas) deposition on the pulmonary ventilation evaluated by 133-xenon (133Xe) lung scintigraphy, and to assess the correlation between the 81mKr distribution, the 99mTc aerosols deposition, and the respiratory parameters of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty COPD patients were included. The 81mKr, 133Xe, and 99mTc aerosol lung scintigraphies were successively carried out.

Aerosol deposition in neonatal ventilation.

Lung deposition of inhaled drugs in ventilated neonates has been studied in models of questionable relevance. With conventional nebulizers, pulmonary deposition has been limited to 1% of the total dose. The objective of this study was to assess lung delivery of aerosols in a model of neonatal ventilation using a conventional and novel electronic micropump nebulizer.

Bioluminescence-based assay used for toxicity monitoring.

A new ATP bioluminescence-based method is proposed in order to examine the effect of toxic shock on microbial communities in urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). As the efficiency of WWTP must be improved, the occurrence and toxic effect of hazardous substances have to be evaluated (Directive 2455/2001/EC). Among bioluminescence assay with firefly luciferase is commonly used for intracellular ATP monitoring.

Using bioluminescent biosensors for hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) in wastewater control.

Starting from a new approach for water pollution control and wastewater treatment plant management, the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) quality concept, the interest for the development of new rapid and sensitive methods such as bioluminescence-based methods is evident. After an introduction of the HACCP procedure, a bibliographic study of the bioluminescence potentiality is presented and discussed.

Use of ATP bioluminescence to determine the bacterial sensitivity threshold to a bacteriocin.

A new ATP bioluminescence-based method was developed to determine the effectiveness of nisin on a sensitive strain of Lactococcus cremoris. The principle of the method is to quantify the release of adenylic-nucleotides (AN) by a sensitive strain under the action of the bacteriocin, with the complex luciferin-luciferase. Nisin-induced leakage of AN included ATP from a sensitive L.

Characteristics of EPI-hNE4 aerosol: a new elastase inhibitor for treatment of cystic fibrosis.

The purpose of this study was to define nebulization conditions providing delivery of aerosols of EPI-hNE4, an inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (HNE). EPI-hNE4 was nebulized with Pari LC Star and tested at three concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL).