Basic Statistics for Radiologists: Part 1-Basic Data Interpretation and Inferential Statistics.

A systematic approach to statistical analysis is essential for accurate data interpretation and informed decision-making in the rapidly evolving field of radiology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental statistical concepts for radiologists and clinicians. The first part of this series introduces foundational elements such as data types, distributions, descriptive and inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, and sampling methods.

Statistics Primer for Radiologists: Part 2-Advanced statistics for Enhancing Diagnostic Precision and Research Validity.

Second part of this statistics primer focuses on advanced statistical concepts continuing on the foundation of basic statistics built from the first part of this primer. This advanced primer aims to delve deeper into essential statistical concepts beyond the basics, equipping the reader with the knowledge to effectively analyze complex data sets, explore correlations and causality, employ regression analysis techniques, interpret survival curves, and evaluate diagnostic tests rigorously. It primarily focuses on the statistical tests used to analyze the relationship between groups of variables (the statistical tests to analyze the difference between groups of variables was discussed in the part 1 of this series).

Imaging and endovascular management of haemoptysis in congenital heart disease.

Haemoptysis, a rare but serious complication that can arise in patients with congenital heart disease, necessitates prompt diagnosis and specialized care. The radiologist plays a critical role in this scenario, including identifying the source of haemoptysis, devising treatment plans, and delivering endovascular interventions. This article highlights the importance of imaging techniques, especially computed tomography, in identifying the cause of haemoptysis and the therapeutic value of endovascular interventions.

Normal pulmonary venous drainage in the setting of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage are not synonymous. This has been described in the setting of right isomerism (bilateral right sidedness) where the pulmonary veins are connected anomalously but drain normally to the left-sided morphological right atrium. We describe another situation in right isomerism where normal pulmonary venous drainage is present in the setting of TAPVC.

Endovascular and percutaneous embolization of a giant post traumatic arteriovenous fistula of inferior epigastric vessels.

Background: Arteriovenous fistulas involving the anterior abdominal wall can result from trauma. Such fistulas may remain asymptomatic and undetected for a prolonged duration of time. They tend to recruit multiple arterial feeders with remodelling in the feeding arteries, making them challenging to treat.

Technical Success, Midterm Primary Patency, and Factors Affecting Primary Patency of Subintimal Angioplasty Followed by Vasculomimetic Stenting for Trans-Atlantic Intersociety Consensus II C and D Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease-A Prospective Study.

 The best option among the endovascular options in long, complex femoropopliteal (FP) lesions, and factors affecting the patency have yet to be well described. There are few studies describing the mid- and long-term patency of endovascular stents in long-segment FP occlusions.  This study aimed to determine the technical success and mid-term patency of subintimal angioplasty with vasculomimetic stenting in Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II (TASC) C and D FP disease.

Femoral Vein Intravascular Synovial Sarcoma Mimicking Primary Deep Vein Thrombosis-A Rare Cause of Deep Vein Thrombosis.

Synovial sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal soft tissue tumors. We presented the case of a 53-year-old woman patient presenting with acute deep vein thrombosis, later diagnosed as a deep synovial sarcoma of the femoral vein wall. The tumor was identified through cross-sectional magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography, followed by ultrasound-guided core biopsy.

Aorto-Left Ventricular Tunnel-An Uncommon Entity.

The aorto-left ventricular tunnel is an extracardiac communication that has a specific morphological feature. It is important to differentiate this entity from other diagnoses because the treatment options differ significantly and better outcomes are obtained with this entity.

A Curious Case of Multiple Intracardiac Masses: Antiphospholipid Syndrome Manifesting as Multiple Intracardiac Thrombi.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by acquired hypercoagulability, recurrent pregnancy loss, and elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. The common cardiovascular manifestations include valvulopathy, coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial dysfunction, cardiac thrombi, pulmonary thromboembolism, and pulmonary hypertension. Herein we present a case who presented with stroke with incidentally detected multiple cardiac lesions on echocardiography suspicious for mass.

Tandem Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysms with Right Atrial Fistula: Evaluation of a "Rarest of a Rare Complication" Using CT Coronary Angiography.

Saphenous vein graft (SVG) aneurysm after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a rare complication. A fistula between an SVG aneurysm and a cardiac chamber is even rarer. Herein, we report a middle-aged man who underwent CABG with five grafts 13 years prior presenting with multiple aneurysms in the venous graft with a fistula between the aneurysm and the right atrium.

Dual left anterior descending artery with anomalous left anterior descending artery from pulmonary artery: double trouble.

Anomalous origin of left anterior descending artery (LAD) from pulmonary artery (ALADCAPA) with dual LAD from left sinus is an extremely rare coronary anomaly. The diagnostic challenge lies in differentiating this from a coronary cameral fistula. Surgical reimplantation of the anomalous LAD is recommended to prevent the risk of myocardial ischaemia and ventricular arrhythmias.

Repercussions of a giant major aortopulmonary collateral aneurysm adjacent to vertebral artery origin.

An aneurysm of major aortopulmonary collateral in an adult with congenital cyanotic heart disease was detected incidentally following a hemoptysis episode. The location and size of the aneurysm needed special concern during treatment to avoid aneurysm-related complications and thromboembolism secondary to intervention.

Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries.

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are congenital vessels that arise from the aorta or its first-order branches and are distally connected to the pulmonary arterial vasculature, thereby providing pulmonary blood flow. MAPCAs are commonly associated with several congenital heart diseases that have compromised pulmonary circulation due to severe stenosis involving pulmonary valves or arteries or due to pulmonary atresia. Embryologically, MAPCAs are presumed to be persistent segmental arteries.

Double-barrel plugging in a recurrent aorto-enteric fistula.

Unlabelled: Aorto-enteric fistulas (AEF) are uncommon causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Both surgical and endovascular options are described for the management of AEF. A hybrid approach is recommended in cases of recurrent AEF.

Role of imaging and endovascular radiology in endoscopically missed Dieulafoy's lesion of stomach - A case report with review.

Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon cause of life-threatening gastrointestinal bleed from a dilated and tortuous submucosal artery. With the advent of endoscopy-guided intervention, the mortality of the condition has reduced significantly from 80 to 8%. Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosing them in endoscopically negative cases.

A Rare Cause of Hemoptysis in West Syndrome-Isolated Aortopulmonary Collaterals in Structurally Normal Heart.

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are abnormal systemic to pulmonary collateral vessels originating from the persistent segmental arteries. The common conditions concomitant with MAPCA are congenital heart diseases with reduced pulmonary blood flow. Isolated MAPCAs represent occurrence of collaterals in the absence of underlying heart disease, which commonly present as heart failure, recurrent respiratory tract infection, and pulmonary artery hypertension.