Alzheimer's disease and infectious agents: a comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms and microRNA roles.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. There are various theories concerning the causes of AD, but the connection between viral and bacterial infections and their potential role in the pathogenesis of AD has become a fascinating area of research for the field. Various viruses such as (HSV-1), (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza viruses, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as bacteria such as (CP), (HP), (), Spirochetes and eukaryotic unicellular parasites (e.

Elderberry diet improves sperm quality and histological parameters of testicular tissue in adult male rats exposed to methamphetamine.

Psychotropic stimulants like methamphetamine (METH) have an impact on the physiology, behavior, and psychology of human beings and can damage the reproductive and neuroendocrine systems in them. These deleterious impacts include a temporary drop in the relative weight of the testis along with adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Sambucus nigra, also known as elderberry (EB) or sweet elder, is a source of bioactive compounds that has drawn growing attention for its potential beneficial impact in preventing and treating several diseases.

Single-cell multi-omic analysis of fibrolamellar carcinoma reveals rewired cell-to-cell communication patterns and unique vulnerabilities.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare malignancy disproportionately affecting adolescents and young adults with no standard of care. FLC is characterized by thick stroma, which has long suggested an important role of the tumor microenvironment. Over the past decade, several studies have revealed aberrant markers and pathways in FLC.

Cultivating diagnostic clarity: The importance of reporting artificial intelligence confidence levels in radiologic diagnoses.

Accurate image interpretation is essential in the field of radiology to the healthcare team in order to provide optimal patient care. This article discusses the use of artificial intelligence (AI) confidence levels to enhance the accuracy and dependability of its radiological diagnoses. The current advances in AI technologies have changed how radiologists and clinicians make the diagnoses of pathological conditions such as aneurysms, hemorrhages, pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, and particularly fractures.

Effect of boswellia () supplementation on glycemic markers and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant global health challenge whose prevalence is projected to increase alarmingly. Recently, due to better safety and fewer adverse effects, herbal medicines have been used to manage T2DM. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of boswellia in improving glycemic markers and lipid profiles in T2DM patients.

The effect of Brucella abortus on glial activation and cell death in adult male rat's hippocampus.

A zoonotic disease called brucellosis can cause flu-like symptoms and heart inflammation. The bacteria responsible for this disease can also enter the brain, causing a condition called neurobrucellosis that can result in long-term neurological problems. In this study, researchers aimed to determine the changes in the hippocampal cells of rats infected with Brucella.

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy for melanoma brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Melanoma brain metastases present a major challenge in cancer treatment and reduce overall survival despite advances in managing primary melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target PD-1/PD-L1 pathways have shown promise in treating advanced melanoma, but their efficacy for melanoma brain metastases is debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize evidence on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for melanoma brain metastases.

Bromelain decreases oxidative stress and Neuroinflammation and improves motor function in adult male rats with cerebellar Ataxia induced by 3-acetylpyridine.

Bromelain is a plant-based molecule with antioxidant, antithrombotic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Bromelain has been shown to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to determine whether bromelain can prevent ataxia in rats caused by 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP).

Clinical and immunophenotype correlating with response to immunotherapy in paediatric patients with primary liver carcinoma. A case series.

Background: Paediatric hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) traditionally arise in the context of a normal structural and functional liver and carry a dismal prognosis. While chemotherapy is the frontline standard, there is emerging interest in the study of immunotherapies for paediatric patients with relapsed/refractory disease. There is limited data to support whether immunotherapies will be of utility in this patient population.

Impact of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Function and Metabolic Status After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial.

Purpose: Postoperative changes in gut microbiota may occur in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. In this study, we evaluate the impact of administering probiotic tablets on the gastrointestinal function and metabolic status of these patients.

Materials And Methods: This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2021 to 2022 on 135 Roux-en-Y surgery candidates.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause inflammation, demyelination, and axon degeneration. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a single-chain polypeptide mainly synthesized in the liver and brain. IGF-1 causes neuronal and non-neuronal cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation.

Effects of Vitamin D and E Supplementation on Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in Premature Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) has a multifactorial etiology. Vitamin E and vitamin D play an important role in lung development and can potentially be beneficial in the prevention of BPD.

Objective: The study aimed to compare the risk of BPD occurrence in preterm neonates supplemented with vitamin D or E versus those who did not get supplementation.

Neuroprotective effect of human cord blood-derived extracellular vesicles by improved neuromuscular function and reduced gliosis in a rat model of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary condition characterized by the gradual deterioration of nerve cells in the striatum. Recent scientific investigations have revealed the promising potential of Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapy to mitigate inflammation and enhance motor function. This study aimed to examine the impact of administering EVs derived from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) on the motor abilities and inflammation levels in a rat model of HD.

DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion protein-regulated LINC00473 promotes tumor growth and alters mitochondrial fitness in fibrolamellar carcinoma.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer that disproportionately affects adolescents and young adults. Currently, no standard of care is available and there remains a dire need for new therapeutics. Most patients harbor the fusion oncogene DNAJB1-PRKACA (DP fusion), but clinical inhibitors are not yet developed and it is critical to identify downstream mediators of FLC pathogenesis.

Introducing fitting models for estimating age-specific dose and effective dose in paediatric patients undergoing head, chest and abdomen-pelvis imaging protocols: a patient study.

Introduction: Concerns regarding the adverse consequences of radiation have increased due to the expanded application of computed tomography (CT) in medical practice. Certain studies have indicated that the radiation dosage depends on the anatomical region, the imaging technique employed and patient-specific variables. The aim of this study is to present fitting models for the estimation of age-specific dose estimates (ASDE), in the same direction of size-specific dose estimates, and effective doses based on patient age, gender and the type of CT examination used in paediatric head, chest and abdomen-pelvis imaging.

Autologous and synthetic pediatric iliofemoral reconstruction: a novel technique for pediatric iliofemoral artery reconstruction.

Pediatric lower extremity arterial catheterization-related injuries can result in significant long-term morbidity. Revascularization is challenging due to concerns for long-term patency and growth accommodation with synthetic grafts. We describe a novel technique for iliofemoral revascularization using common iliac artery transposition and bridging polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.

Identification of gene fusions associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Introduction/aims: Genetics is an important risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Recent findings demonstrate that in addition to specific genetic mutations, structural variants caused by genetic instability can also play a causative role in ALS. Genomic instability can lead to deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions, and translocations in the genome, and these changes can sometimes lead to fusion of distinct genes into a single transcript.

A challenging transseptal mitral valve in valve case report: Success and safety.

Key Clinical Message: Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) is considered a less-invasive approach than open-heart surgery, favored in high-risk patients elected for valve replacement. Although seemingly suitable, this procedure is highly operator-dependent.

Abstract: Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) is an alternative in high-risk patients.