Therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet: A metabolic switch with implications for neurological disorders, the gut-brain axis, and cardiovascular diseases.

The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a dietary regimen that is low in carbohydrates, high in fats, and contains adequate protein. It is designed to mimic the metabolic state of fasting. This diet triggers the production of ketone bodies through a process known as ketosis.

Depression is associated with the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: A comparative analysis.

Background And Aims: The nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) and their potential role in early diagnosis are recent debates. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between depression and NMS of PD including sleep disorders, hyposexuality, hyposmia, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension.

Methods: A total of 93 PD patients with depression and 67 PD patients without depression were included in the study, and NMS were compared between the two groups.

Psychosis of Epilepsy: A 10-Year Iranian Clinical Survey.

Psychoses of epilepsy usually have an acute onset, accompanied by brief symptom duration and a risk of recurrence. Managing these conditions can be challenging due to the potential for seizures associated with certain antipsychotic medications, as well as exacerbating psychosis resulting from some antiepileptic medications. Our objective in this study was to assess the occurrence of psychosis among patients with epilepsy, as well as identify the factors linked to the presence and severity of psychosis in this population.

The effect of cannabidiol on seizure features and quality of life in drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy patients: a triple-blind controlled trial.

Background: Treatment-resistant epileptic seizures are associated with reduced quality of life (QoL). As polypharmacy with routine antiseizure medications has many side effects, novel add-on treatments are necessary. Recent research showed the efficacy of add-on therapy by cannabidiol (CBD) on refractory epilepsy.

Boswellic Acids Improve Clinical Cognitive Scores and Reduce Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Recent therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have had limited success. Considering the association of neuroinflammation with AD symptoms as demonstrated in multiple studies, assessment of the clinical efficacy of molecules that reduce systemic or brain inflammation is warranted.

Objective: This clinical trial assessed whether boswellic acids can improve cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms while reducing inflammation in AD patients.

Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in neuropsychiatric disorders: a 2-year clinical survey.

Introduction: Valproic acid (VPA)-induced hyperammonemia (HA) is a rare adverse effect reported even at therapeutic VPA levels. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of VPA-induced HA and its association with the total dose, duration, and level of VPA. This study also investigated whether the use of VPA in combination with other medications has any effect on elevating serum ammonia levels.

Trail Making Test Could Predict Impairment in Cognitive Domains in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy.

Objective: Cognitive impairment (CI) and executive dysfunction (ED) are prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS) is the gold standard neuropsychological battery (NPB) for detecting CI. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) NPB evaluates ED.

Safety and efficacy of melatonin, clonazepam, and trazodone in patients with Parkinson's disease and sleep disorders: a randomized, double-blind trial.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of trazodone with melatonin and clonazepam in patients with PD and sleep complaints.

Methods: This single-center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on PD patients with subjective sleep complaints.

Boswellia serrata extract shows cognitive benefits in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial in individuals who suffered traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. TBI can result in neuropsychiatric and cognitive problems as well as neurodegenerative pathologies that can appear right after or develop and persist years after injury.

Method: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on patients who suffered from TBI three months to three years ago.

The potential role of the cardiac MIBG scan in differentiating the drug-induced Parkinsonism from Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Considering the difficulties of differentiating Parkinson's disease (PD) from drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP) in patients receiving antipsychotics, developing robust diagnostic tools is essential. Herein, we used the metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan to assess its diagnostic accuracy for this purpose.

Methods: 44 DIP patients and 32 patients with PD as controls were enrolled.

Psychometric evaluation of Persian version of Seizure Severity Questionnaire.

Background And Purpose: Seizure severity has been increasingly gaining attention as a complementary assessment to seizure frequency for the measurement of treatment responses. This study aimed to assess the reliability and external validity and of the Persian version of the Seizure Severity Questionnaire (SSQ).

Methods: The study sample was recruited from 126 patients with epilepsy who attended the neurology outpatient clinic at Imam Khomeini and Roozbeh hospitals, Tehran, Iran.

Challenges in corticosteroid dose regulation in a patient with autoimmune thyroid disease and neuropsychiatric syndrome: A running commentary.

In the following, we report a therapeutic challenge faced by reduction in corticosteroid therapeutic dosage in a patient diagnosed with Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), which is equivalent to corticosteroid-responsive encephalopathy related to autoimmune thyroiditis and often misdiagnosed as neuropsychiatric status. The patient developed psychiatric symptoms.

A systematic review of resting-state and task-based fmri in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

Functional neuroimaging modalities have enhanced our understanding of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) underlying neural mechanisms. Due to its non-invasive, sensitive and analytical nature, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides valuable insights into relevant functional brain networks and their segregation and integration properties. We systematically reviewed the contribution of resting-state and task-based fMRI to the current understanding of the pathophysiology and the patterns of seizure propagation in JME Altogether, despite some discrepancies, functional findings suggest that corticothalamo-striato-cerebellar network along with default-mode network and salience network are the most affected networks in patients with JME.

Cognitive Impairment in Opium Use Disorder.

This cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing the effects of opium use disorder (OUD) on attention, working memory, and information-processing speed. Thirty outpatients with OUD and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed using a neuropsychological battery consisted of Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Revised (AVLT-R), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Digit Forward and Backward Tests (DFT and DBT), and WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The most affected cognitive functions in patients with OUD were detected by DBT and DSST.

Idiopathic superficial siderosis of the central nervous system.

Background: Regardless of the cause of the superficial siderosis (SS) disease, which is bleeding, the source of bleeding cannot be found in some cases.

Case Presentation: In this article, we report two cases with idiopathic SS. Case 1 presented with bilateral hearing loss, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, and tremors.

Chronic neurological diseases and COVID-19: Associations and considerations.

The 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (COVID-19), has been a worldwide urgent public health threat, resulting in six-hundred seventy thousand deaths to date. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a series of public health challenges. One such challenge is the management of diseases such as chronic neurological diseases during an epidemic event.

Evaluating Executive Functions in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Using Frontal Assessment Battery.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the executive profile of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) as a bedside screening tool and investigate its association with seizure proximity, family history of epilepsy, and polytherapy/monotherapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

Background: JME patients have deficits in various aspects of executive functions. FAB has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating executive functions in clinical settings.

Safety and efficacy of memantine for multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: A pilot randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently, there is no approved medication for MS-related fatigue.

Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of memantine for improving fatigue in patients with MS.

Conformational change and GTPase activity of human tubulin: A comparative study on Alzheimer's disease and healthy brain.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, microtubules (MTs) play a pivotal role through their highly dynamic structure and instability. They mediate axonal transport that is crucial to synaptic viability. MT assembly, dynamic instability and stabilization are modulated by tau proteins, whose detachment initiates MT disintegration.

Functional improvement and immune-inflammatory cytokines profile of ischaemic stroke patients after treatment with boswellic acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial.

Ischaemic stroke represents one of the main causes of disability. According to the broad investigations, it is widely assumed that the contribution of inflammatory mediators is strongly involved in its pathogenesis. Hence, it seems that stroke treatment needs more efficient and inflammatory-targeted compounds to modulate inflammatory-related pathways.

Association of Depression with Migraine without Aura; A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Migraine is ranked as the seventh leading cause of disability worldwide, and it is characterized by a manifestation of combined neurological, gastrointestinal, and autonomic symptoms linked with different provoking factors. Aim of the study: This study investigates the association between migraine without aura and depression.

Method: A total number of 100 patients were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups: 50 individuals with confirmed migraine without aura (the study group) and 50 individuals with no history of headaches (control group).

Correction to: A Preliminary Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Bumetanide, an NKCC1 Inhibitor, in Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

The correct name of the co-author should be ''Vajiheh Aghamollaii'', and not ''Vajihe Aghamollaii'' as given in the original publication of the article.