Liposomal Formulations: A Recent Update.

Liposome-based drug delivery technologies have showed potential in enhancing medication safety and efficacy. Innovative drug loading and release mechanisms highlighted in this review of next-generation liposomal formulations. Due to poor drug release kinetics and loading capacity, conventional liposomes have limited clinical use.

Polysaccharide-based hydrogels for medical devices, implants and tissue engineering: A review.

Hydrogels are highly biocompatible biomaterials composed of crosslinked three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers. Owing to their natural origin, polysaccharide-based hydrogels (PBHs) possess low toxicity, high biocompatibility and demonstrate in vivo biodegradability, making them great candidates for use in various biomedical devices, implants, and tissue engineering. In addition, many polysaccharides also show additional biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory, which can provide additional therapeutic benefits.

Development, validation and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying lurasidone in dried blood spot samples.

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying lurasidone in rat dried blood spot (DBS) samples was developed. The analyte was extracted from DBSs using the liquid-liquid extraction method. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18, Phenomenex, 150 × 4.

Bioanalytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method development and validation for quantification of lurasidone in rat plasma using ion pairing agent.

A bioanalytical method was developed and validated for determining lurasidone (LUR) in rat plasma. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from rat plasma using a liquid-liquid extraction method. The mobile phase consisted of methanol, acetonitrile and water, with an ion pairing agent, 0.

Nose-to-brain delivery of hesperidin nanoparticles loaded in-situ gel for neuroprotective action.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (also known as depression) is a serious mental health condition that has a detrimental impact on a person's mood, thoughts, and behaviour. The presence of oxidative stress is associated with an increased risk of developing depression. A flavonoid called hesperidin (HSP) has been proven to be helpful in experimental depression because of its powerful antioxidant properties.

Zein-maltodextrin nanocomplex based dissolving microneedle: A promising approach for Paliperidone palmitate delivery.

Researchers are looking at microneedle devices as a possible solution to the problems with poor patient compliance and severe gastrointestinal side effects associated with conventional oral or injectable techniques for treating schizophrenia. Microneedles (MNs) may be an effective approach for transdermal drug delivery of antipsychotic drugs. We fabricated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microneedles loaded with paliperidone palmitate (PLDN) nanocomplex and studied their therapeutic potency for schizophrenia.

Improved oral bioavailability of febuxostat by liquid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system in capsule shells.

Purpose: Febuxostat is a non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor which belongs to the BCS class II. Main aim of this study is to enhance dissolution and bioavailability of a drug by formulating a liquid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) in different capsule shells.

Method: Compatability of gelatin and cellulose capsule shells was checked with different oils, surfactants and co-surfactants.

The Rise of Extracellular Vesicles as New Age Biomarkers in Cancer Diagnosis: Promises and Pitfalls.

Cell-to-cell interactions in the intricate microenvironment of tissue have a significant impact on the progression of cancer at every stage. Both cancer cells and stromal cells are responsible for the secretion of soluble chemical compounds as well as membrane-encased components, which both influence and govern the cell-to-cell interactions within the micro-environment of tumor cells. These membrane structures are identified as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles.

Polysaccharide-based hydrogels for drug delivery and wound management: a review.

Introduction: Polysaccharide-based hydrogels (PBHs) offer several advantages over their synthetic counterparts. Their natural origin contributes to their nontoxicity, high biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Their properties can be tuned finely to obtain hydrogels with desired mechanical, structural, and chemical properties.

A comparison of dissolving microneedles and transdermal film with solid microneedles for iloperidone in vivo: a proof of concept.

Iloperidone (ILO) is a poorly soluble and bioavailable WHO-approved schizophrenia drug. Microneedles are a revolutionary delivery technology that overcomes many of the issues associated with traditional drug administration. The current research aimed to compare the antipsychotic activity and pharmacokinetics of ILO-loaded dissolving microneedles (DMNs) and transdermal film with a solid microneedle (STF).

A systematic review of carbohydrate-based microneedles: current status and future prospects.

Microneedles (MNs) are minimally invasive tridimensional biomedical devices that bypass the skin barrier resulting in systemic and localized pharmacological effects. Historically, biomaterials such as carbohydrates, due to their physicochemical properties, have been used widely to fabricate MNs. Owing to their broad spectrum of functional groups, carbohydrates permit designing and engineering with tunable properties and functionalities.

Microsampling: A role to play in Covid-19 diagnosis, surveillance, treatment and clinical trials.

The outbreak of the new coronavirus disease changed the world upside down. Every day, millions of people were subjected to diagnostic testing for Covid-19, all over the world. Molecular tests helped in the diagnosis of current infection by detecting the presence of viral genome whereas serological tests helped in detecting the presence of antibody in blood as well as contributed to vaccine development.

Exosome as a Natural Gene Delivery Vector for Cancer Treatment.

Background: Current gene therapy vectors such as viral, non-viral, and bacterial vectors, which are used for cancer treatment, but there are certain safety concerns and stability issues of these conventional vectors. Exosomes are the vesicles of size 40-100 nm secreted from multivesicular bodies into the extracellular environment by most of the cell types in-vivo and in-vitro. As a natural nanocarrier, exosomes are immunologically inert, biocompatible, and can cross biological barriers like the blood-brain barrier, intestinal barrier, and placental barrier.

Unfolding the future: Self-controlled catalytic nanomotor in healthcare system.

Nanomotors, multimetallic systems are biologically inspired self-propelled tiny engines able to perform difficult tasks of transporting cargos from one end to another in presence of hydrogen peroxide fuel. Nanomotors can revolutionize the drug delivery system at the desired target by converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. Nanomotors exhibit unique properties like moving at higher speed, self-propulsion and drilling into the complex cellular environment.

Widespread applications of host-guest interactive cyclodextrin functionalized polymer nanocomposites: Its meta-analysis and review.

Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides, having tyroid shape of the molecule which has a hydrophobic cavity and outer hydrophilic surface. This characteristic feature of the dextrins allows it to function as a functionalizing as well as a stabilizing agent. Polymer nanocomposites are nanoscale composites of polymers with enhanced and synergized properties of its components and have been known to have applications in various fields of chemistry, biomedical, pharmaceutical and environmental purposes to name a few.

Improved anti-arthritic activity of ginger extract, a traditional medicine, using novel drug delivery approach.

Background: Ginger and castor oil, both are used in traditional medicine to treat arthritis, the latter is also commonly used as a vehicle in these systems of medicine. The study was designed to prepare a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) of ginger extract using castor oil as a novel liquid lipid and evaluate its safety and efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis in experimental animals.

Methods: Ginger extract was standardized using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Personalized neoantigen vaccines: a glimmer of hope for glioblastoma.

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor. In spite of the rigorous multimodal treatment involving surgery and radiochemotherapy, GBM has a dismal prognosis and rapid relapsing potential. Hence, search for novel therapeutic agents still continues.

Opportunities and obstacles for microsampling techniques in bioanalysis: Special focus on DBS and VAMS.

Microsampling, a reduced volume (< 50 μl) sampling method has successfully gained attention at the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) level. It has been reflected in a few guidelines like ICH SA3, S11 and M10. The established benefits of microsampling support its use in Toxicokinetic (TK) and Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, clinical studies, neonate sampling and remote sampling.

Bio-tactics for neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in the treatment of glaucoma.

Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by damage of ganglion cells of retina and also its axons. The manner of progression of disease and retinal ganglion cells death in glaucoma still remains unknown and hence many mechanisms are put forward to understand the disease. Clinical developments have suggested that in every single patient decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP) is not the solution to prevent glaucoma which suggests on the fact that there are other risk factors affecting the disease.

Transdermal lipid vesicular delivery of iloperidone: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

The objective of present study was to develop and evaluate lipid vesicular transdermal system of iloperidone. Liposomes were prepared successfully using thin film hydration method. With aim of enhancing permeation, cholesterol from liposomes was replaced with transcutol to give PEVs.

Artificial intelligence and its potential in oncology.

The two main branches associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine are virtual and physical. The virtual component includes machine learning (ML) and algorithms, whereas physical AI includes medical devices and robots for delivering care. AI is used successfully in tumour segmentation, histopathological diagnosis, tracking tumour development, and prognosis prediction.

Formulation and Characterization of Fast-Dissolving Sublingual Film of Iloperidone Using Box-Behnken Design for Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability.

Iloperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic drug which is used for the treatment of schizophrenia and has very low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. This drug also undergoes first-pass metabolism. The aim of this work is to formulate fast-dissolving sublingual films of iloperidone to improve its bioavailability.