Effectiveness of pediatric drug-induced sleep endoscopy for REM-predominant obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Because dexmedetomidine (DEX)-induced sedation mimics non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, its utility in sedating children with REM-predominant disease is unclear. We sought to determine the effectiveness of pediatric drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) using DEX and ketamine for children with REM-predominant OSA, specifically whether or not at least one site of obstruction could be identified.

Methods: A retrospective case series of children without tonsillar hypertrophy undergoing DISE at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 10/2013 through 9/2015 who underwent subsequent surgery to address OSA with polysomnography (PSG) before and after.

Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pressurised wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) tests in children with Down syndrome (DS) and in typically developing children (TD) for prediction of conductive hearing loss (CHL) and patency of pressure equalising tubes (PETs).

Design: Audiologic diagnosis was determined by audiometry in combination with distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, 0.226 kHz tympanometry and otoscopy.

Hearing loss in Down Syndrome revisited - 15 years later.

Objective: In 2001, the senior authors published a study investigating hearing loss in young children (ages 11 months to 3.8 years) with Down Syndrome (DS). We re-visit this same study population to review current audiologic status, the incidence of pressure equalization tube (PET) placement(s), and rate of tympanic membrane (TM) perforations.

Vestibular pathology in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Objectives/hypothesis: To establish the prevalence of abnormal vestibular test findings in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and determine if these findings correlate with clinical symptoms, radiographic findings (EVA size and laterality), audiometric findings, and genetic testing in these patients.

Study Design: Prospective cohort.

Methods: Patients 3 to 12 years of age with hearing loss and imaging findings consistent with EVA treated at our tertiary care institution were sequentially enrolled from 2009 to 2011.

Systematic review of site of obstruction identification and non-CPAP treatment options for children with persistent pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives/hypothesis: Although adenotonsillectomy is accepted as a first-line therapy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), there is currently no consensus regarding optimal methods for identifying the sites of obstruction or treatment of children with persistent disease after surgery. With this in mind, our aim was to systematically review the English-language literature pertaining to these issues.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Guided growth for the treatment of limb length discrepancy: a comparative study of the three most commonly used surgical techniques.

The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of three mechanical devices (percutaneous transphyseal screws, tension band plates, and staples) for the correction of limb length discrepancies in growing children and adolescents. Thirty-nine consecutive patients treated with epiphysiodesis for limb length discrepancy were retrospectively reviewed. No significant difference was recorded between the three devices in postoperative limb length discrepancy or the rate of correction between the plating and stapling groups and between plating and percutaneous transphyseal screws groups.