Relevance of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring in non-operative management of patients with blunt liver and splenic injuries.

Purpose: Non-operative management (NOM) has been validated for blunt liver and splenic injuries. Literature on continuous intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) monitoring as a part of NOM remains to be equivocal. The study aimed to find any correlation between clinical parameters and IAP, and their effect on the NOM of patients with blunt liver and splenic injury.

Gesture Recognition through Mechanomyogram Signals: An Adaptive Framework for Arm Posture Variability.

In hand gesture recognition, classifying gestures across multiple arm postures is challenging due to the dynamic nature of muscle fibers and the need to capture muscle activity through electrical connections with the skin. This paper presents a gesture recognition architecture addressing the arm posture challenges using an unsupervised domain adaptation technique and a wearable mechanomyogram (MMG) device that does not require electrical contact with the skin. To deal with the transient characteristics of muscle activities caused by changing arm posture, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) combined with Domain-Adversarial Convolutional Neural Networks (DACNN) were used to extract MMG features and classify hand gestures.

Active constraint control for the surgical robotic platform with concentric connector joints.

Robotic minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has changed numerous surgical techniques in the past few years and enhanced their results. Haptic feedback is integrated into robotic surgical systems to restore the surgeon's perception of forces in response to interaction with objects in the surgical environment. The ideal exact emulation of the robot's interaction with its physical environment in free space is a very challenging problem to solve completely.

Cyanoacrylate vs. sutures in clean and clean-contaminated surgical wounds - a randomised control study.

Objectives: Various techniques of closure of surgical incisions have been described ranging from various suture materials, staples and tapes to adhesive compounds. Cyanoacrylate is an adhesive compound available for surgical incision closure. Although sutures have been the preferred universal choice for surgical incision closure, glue is gaining popularity in specific places like pediatric injuries, facial injuries, laparoscopic incision closure, etc.

Strengthening cardiac therapy pipelines using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

Advances in hiPSC isolation and reprogramming and hPSC-CM differentiation have prompted their therapeutic application and utilization for evaluating potential cardiovascular safety liabilities. In this perspective, we showcase key efforts toward the large-scale production of hiPSC-CMs, implementation of hiPSC-CMs in industry settings, and recent clinical applications of this technology. The key observations are a need for traceable gender and ethnically diverse hiPSC lines, approaches to reduce cost of scale-up, accessible clinical trial datasets, and transparent guidelines surrounding the safety and efficacy of hiPSC-based therapies.

Transferring Gait Predictors Across EMG Acquisition Systems with Domain Adaptation.

Lower limb assistive technology (e.g. exoskeletons) can benefit significantly from higher resolution information related to physiological state.

3D muscle networks based on vibrational mechanomyography.

. Muscle network modeling maps synergistic control during complex motor tasks. Intermuscular coherence (IMC) is key to isolate synchronization underlying coupling in such neuromuscular control.

A Global Comprehensive Study of the Distribution of Type I-E and Type I-E* CRISPR-Cas Systems in .

Background: The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) systems are the short DNA sequences and RNA-dependent nuclease involved in the adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea. The type of CRISPR-Cas system influences antibiotic susceptibility in . Here, our objective was to study the diversity of CRISPR-Cas system in the genome of from the available whole genome sequencing (WGS) data.

A Thermal, Mechanical, and Materials Framework for a Shape Memory Alloy Heat Engine for Thermal Management.

Shape memory alloy (SMA) heat engines possess an inherent property of sensing a change in temperature, performing work, and rejecting heat through the shape memory effect resulting from a temperature-induced phase transformation. This work presents a framework for the design and implementation of an SMA-based Stirling heat engine for maximum torque or speed incorporating and combining mechanical, thermal, and material aspects. There is a growing need for such engines for reliable thermal management and energy recovery in both ground and space applications.

Hyper-parameter tuning and feature extraction for asynchronous action detection from sub-thalamic nucleus local field potentials.

Introduction: Decoding brain states from subcortical local field potentials (LFPs) indicative of activities such as voluntary movement, tremor, or sleep stages, holds significant potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders and offers new paradigms in brain-computer interface (BCI). Identified states can serve as control signals in coupled human-machine systems, e.g.

Assessing a Sleep Interviewing Chatbot to Improve Subjective and Objective Sleep: Protocol for an Observational Feasibility Study.

Background: Sleep disorders are common among the aging population and people with neurodegenerative diseases. Sleep disorders have a strong bidirectional relationship with neurodegenerative diseases, where they accelerate and worsen one another. Although one-to-one individual cognitive behavioral interventions (conducted in-person or on the internet) have shown promise for significant improvements in sleep efficiency among adults, many may experience difficulties accessing interventions with sleep specialists, psychiatrists, or psychologists.

Recent advancements in critical care: Part I.

Medical colleges are now developing or refurbishing their anaesthesia intensive care units. In most teaching colleges, the residency post includes working in the critical care unit (CCU). Critical care is a rapidly evolving and popular super-speciality for postgraduate students.

Caveolin-3 and Caveolae regulate ventricular repolarization.

Rationale: Flask-shaped invaginations of the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma called caveolae require the structural protein caveolin-3 (Cav-3) and host a variety of ion channels, transporters, and signaling molecules. Reduced Cav-3 expression has been reported in models of heart failure, and variants in CAV3 have been associated with the inherited long-QT arrhythmia syndrome. Yet, it remains unclear whether alterations in Cav-3 levels alone are sufficient to drive aberrant repolarization and increased arrhythmia risk.

Peptide-based direct electrochemical detection of receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in pristine samples.

RNA isolation and amplification-free user-friendly detection of SARS-CoV-2 is the need of hour especially at resource limited settings. Herein, we devised the peptides of human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) as bioreceptor at electrode interface for selective targeting of receptor binding domains (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP). Disposable carbon-screen printed electrode modified with methylene blue (MB) electroadsorbed graphene oxide (GO) has been constructed as cost-efficient and scalable platform for ACE-2 peptide-based SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Accurate and Robust Locomotion Mode Recognition Using High-Density EMG Recordings from a Single Muscle Group.

Existing methods for human locomotion mode recognition often rely on using multiple bipolar electrode sensors on multiple muscle groups to accurately identify underlying motor activities. To avoid this complex setup and facilitate the translation of this technology, we introduce a single grid of high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) electrodes mounted on a single location (above the rectus femoris) to classify six locomotion modes in human walking. By employing a neural network, the trained model achieved average recognition accuracy of 97.

Mapping Lower-Limb Prosthesis Load Distributions Using a Low-Cost Pressure Measurement System.

Background: In the UK 55,000 people live with a major limb amputation. The prosthetic socket is problematic for users in relation to comfort and acceptance of the prosthesis; and is associated with the development of cysts and sores.

Objectives: We have developed a prototype low-cost system combining low-profile pressure sensitive sensors with an inertial measurement unit to assess loading distribution within prosthetic sockets.

Recent Trends in Non-invasive Neural Recording Based Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Analysis on Multidisciplinary Human Interactions for Understanding Brain Dynamics: A Systematic Review.

The study of brain-to-brain synchrony has a burgeoning application in the brain-computer interface (BCI) research, offering valuable insights into the neural underpinnings of interacting human brains using numerous neural recording technologies. The area allows exploring the commonality of brain dynamics by evaluating the neural synchronization among a group of people performing a specified task. The growing number of publications on brain-to-brain synchrony inspired the authors to conduct a systematic review using the PRISMA protocol so that future researchers can get a comprehensive understanding of the paradigms, methodologies, translational algorithms, and challenges in the area of brain-to-brain synchrony research.

BCI-Based Consumers' Choice Prediction From EEG Signals: An Intelligent Neuromarketing Framework.

Neuromarketing relies on Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology to gain insight into how customers react to marketing stimuli. Marketers spend about 750 billion annually on traditional marketing camping. They use traditional marketing research procedures such as Personal Depth Interviews, Surveys, Focused Group Discussions, and so on, which are frequently criticized for failing to extract true consumer preferences.

An intelligent neuromarketing system for predicting consumers' future choice from electroencephalography signals.

Neuromarketing utilizes Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technologies to provide insight into consumers responses on marketing stimuli. In order to achieve insight information, marketers spend about $400 billion annually on marketing, promotion, and advertisement using traditional marketing research tools. In addition, these tools like personal depth interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, etc.

A Transparent Semiconducting Surface for Capturing and Releasing Single Cells from a Complex Cell Mixture.

Selective isolation of individual target cells from a heterogeneous population is technically challenging; however, the ability to retrieve single cells can have high significance in various aspects of biological research. Here, we present a new photoelectrochemical surface based on a transparent electrode that is compatible with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy for isolating individual rare cells from complex biological samples. This is underpinned by two important factors: (i) careful design of the electrode by patterning discrete Au disks of micron dimension on amorphous silicon-indium tin oxide films and (ii) orthogonal surface chemistry, which modifies the patterned electrode with self-assembly layers of different functionalities, to selectively capture target cells on the Au disks and resist cell binding to the amorphous silicon surface.

Development of a Practical Synthesis of the Fragment of OPC-167832.

A concise and practical synthesis has been developed to provide the 8-fluoro-5-hydroxy-3,4-diydrocarbostyril () fragment of OPC-167832 in 41% yield and in >99% purity over four steps from 3-amino-4-fluorophenol. The key feature of this process is the development of a telescoped one-pot synthesis of the quinolone via a chemoselective amidation/acid-induced cyclization that allows for simple product isolation without the need for column chromatography.

Synergistic Upper-Limb Functional Muscle Connectivity Using Acoustic Mechanomyography.

Functional muscle network is a critical concept in describing functional synergistic muscle synchronization and functional connectivity needed for the execution of complex motor tasks. Muscle network is typically derived from decomposition of intermuscular coherence (IMC) at different frequency bands of multichannel electromyography (EMG) measurements, which potentially limits out-of-clinic applications. In this investigation, we introduce muscle network analysis to assess the functional coordination and functional connectivity of muscles based on mechanomyography (MMG).

Fusion Models for Generalized Classification of Multi-Axial Human Movement: Validation in Sport Performance.

We introduce a set of input models for fusing information from ensembles of wearable sensors supporting human performance and telemedicine. Veracity is demonstrated in action classification related to sport, specifically strikes in boxing and taekwondo. Four input models, formulated to be compatible with a broad range of classifiers, are introduced and two diverse classifiers, dynamic time warping (DTW) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are implemented in conjunction with the input models.