Development of a Cure Model for Unsaturated Polyester Resin Systems Based on Processing Conditions.

Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) systems are extensively used in composite materials for applications in the transportation, marine, and infrastructure sectors. There are continually evolving formulations of UPRs that need to be evaluated and optimized for processing. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) provides valuable insight into the non-isothermal and isothermal behavior of UPRs within a prescribed temperature range.

Performance of hybrid Innegra-carbon fiber composites.

In this work material synergy with high stiffness carbon fiber with ductile high strength polypropylene fiber (Innegra S), (referred to as Innegra, herein) have been evaluated in a range of laminate designs. Both woven and discontinuous carbon fiber have been considered. The discontinuous fibers are based on three-dimensional deposition (3DEP) (referred to as 3DEP, herein) carbon fiber preform process.

Bloodstream infections in neonates with central venous catheters in three tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Pune, India.

Background: Neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at risk for healthcare-associated infections, including central line-associated bloodstream infections. We aimed to characterize the epidemiology of bloodstream infections among neonates with central venous catheters admitted to three Indian NICUs.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in three tertiary NICUs, from May 1, 2017 until July 31, 2019.

Packing bimodal magnetic particles to fabricate highly dense anisotropic rare earth bonded permanent magnets.

Highly dense and magnetically anisotropic rare earth bonded magnets have been fabricated packing bimodal magnetic particles using a batch extrusion process followed by compression molding technology. The bimodal feedstock was a 96 wt% magnet powder mixture, with 40% being anisotropic Sm-Fe-N (3 μm) and 60% being anisotropic Nd-Fe-B (100 μm) as fine and coarse particles, respectively; these were blended with a 4 wt% polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) polymer binder to fabricate the bonded magnets. The hybrid bonded magnet with an 81 vol% magnet loading yielded a density of 6.

On quantification and maximization of information transfer in network dynamical systems.

Information flow among nodes in a complex network describes the overall cause-effect relationships among the nodes and provides a better understanding of the contributions of these nodes individually or collectively towards the underlying network dynamics. Variations in network topologies result in varying information flows among nodes. We integrate theories from information science with control network theory into a framework that enables us to quantify and control the information flows among the nodes in a complex network.

Global variation in skin injures and skincare practices in extremely preterm infants.

Background: Globally, are skincare practices and skin injuries in extremely preterm infants comparable? This study describes skin injuries, variation in skincare practices and investigates any association between them.

Methods: A web-based survey was conducted between February 2019 and August 2021. Quantifying skin injuries and describing skincare practices in extremely preterm infants were the main outcomes.

Thermoregulation and golden hour practices in extremely preterm infants: an international survey.

Background: Are thermoregulation and golden hour practices in extremely preterm (EP) infants comparable across the world? This study aims to describe these practices for EP infants based on the neonatal intensive care unit's (NICUs) geographic region, country's income status and the lowest gestational age (GA) of infants resuscitated.

Methods: The Director of each NICU was requested to complete the e-questionnaire between February 2019 and August 2021.

Results: We received 848 responses, from all geographic regions and resource settings.

Global adoption of single-shot targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) for breast cancer-better for patients, better for healthcare systems.

Micro Abstract: Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) is delivered immediately after lumpectomy for breast cancer. We estimated its impact. At least 44,752 patients with breast cancer were treated with TARGIT-IORT in 260 centres in 35 countries, saving >20 million miles of travel and preventing ~2,000 non-breast cancer deaths.

Photoinitiator Selection and Concentration in Photopolymer Formulations towards Large-Format Additive Manufacturing.

Photopolymers are an attractive option for large-format additive manufacturing (LFAM), because they can be formulated from structural thermosets and cure rapidly in ambient conditions under low-energy ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED) lamps. Photopolymer cure is strongly influenced by the depth penetration of UV light, which can be limited in the 2-4 mm layer thicknesses typical of LFAM. Photoinitiator (PI) systems that exhibit photobleaching have proven useful in thick-section cure applications, because they generate a photoinitiation wavefront, but this effect is time-dependent.

Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pune, India: A 2-Year Retrospective Study.

Objective: Treating neonatal bloodstream infections and meningitis in South Asia remains difficult given high rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To evaluate changing epidemiology of neonatal infections, we assessed pathogen-specific and clinical features of culture-proven infections in neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Pune, India.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in the King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Center NICU over 2 years between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018.

Applying heat and humidity using stove boiled water for decontamination of N95 respirators in low resource settings.

Global shortages of N95 respirators have led to an urgent need of N95 decontamination and reuse methods that are scientifically validated and available world-wide. Although several large scale decontamination methods have been proposed (hydrogen peroxide vapor, UV-C); many of them are not applicable in remote and low-resource settings. Heat with humidity has been demonstrated as a promising decontamination approach, but care must be taken when implementing this method at a grassroots level.

A fast saddle-point dynamical system approach to robust deep learning.

Recent focus on robustness to adversarial attacks for deep neural networks produced a large variety of algorithms for training robust models. Most of the effective algorithms involve solving the min-max optimization problem for training robust models (min step) under worst-case attacks (max step). However, they often suffer from high computational cost from running several inner maximization iterations (to find an optimal attack) inside every outer minimization iteration.

Which long line do we use in very low birth weight neonates; umbilical venous catheter or peripherally inserted central catheter?

Background: Umbilical venous catheters (UVC) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are commonly used in preterms. UVC is cheap, easy to insert but has shorter dwell time. UVC is replaced after 7 days due to the risk of complications.

LATCH Score at Discharge: A Predictor of Weight Gain and Exclusive Breastfeeding at 6 Weeks in Term Healthy Babies.

Objectives: World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months after birth. However, problems with the baby failing to latch properly are common in the postpartum period contributing to breastfeeding cessation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of LATCH score to predict EBF and weight gain at 6 weeks postpartum along with an optimum LATCH score cutoff.

Life Cycle Assessment of Compostable Coffee Pods: A US University Based Case Study.

Single-serve machines have proven to be a rapid and convenient mechanism for preparing coffee for consumption. However, disposing the single-use coffee pods accompanying each use creates insurmountable waste in landfills. With the introduction of biobased products being certified as industrially compostable, there is scope for an effective waste stream for nearly all biobased products that avoids adding to landfills.

High Burden of Bloodstream Infections Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance and Mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pune, India.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to newborns in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in 3 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Pune, India, to describe the epidemiology of neonatal bloodstream infections (BSIs). All neonates admitted to the NICU were enrolled.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of unusual G12P[11] rotavirus strains recovered from neonates: A study from Pune, Western India.

Rotavirus infections in neonates are generally nosocomial, and differ from pediatric infections both clinically and epidemiologically. These infections are predominantly asymptomatic and often associated with unusual strains. Globally, so far limited data is available on rotavirus infections in neonates admitted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Anthropometric measures as biomarkers of neurodevelopmental outcomes of newborns with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a prominent cause of neonatal mortality in the developing world. Growth in head circumference is associated with improved neurodevelopment. Previous studies found a positive correlation between additional dietary supplementation and growth in head circumference among newborns with perinatal brain injury.

Research priorities in Maternal, Newborn, & Child Health & Nutrition for India: An Indian Council of Medical Research-INCLEN Initiative.

In India, research prioritization in Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) themes has traditionally involved only a handful of experts mostly from major cities. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-INCLEN collaboration undertook a nationwide exercise engaging faculty from 256 institutions to identify top research priorities in the MNCHN themes for 2016-2025. The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method of priority setting was adapted.

Optimizing Nutrition in Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants-Consensus Summary.

Preterm birth survivors are at a higher risk of growth and developmental disabilities compared to their term counterparts. Development of strategies to lower the complications of preterm birth forms the rising need of the hour. Appropriate nutrition is essential for the growth and development of preterm infants.

Environmental and social benefits of the targeted intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer: data from UK TARGIT-A trial centres and two UK NHS hospitals offering TARGIT IORT.

Objective: To quantify the journeys and CO2 emissions if women with breast cancer are treated with risk-adapted single-dose targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) rather than several weeks' course of external beam whole breast radiotherapy (EBRT) treatment.

Setting: (1) TARGIT-A randomised clinical trial (ISRCTN34086741) which compared TARGIT with traditional EBRT and found similar breast cancer control, particularly when TARGIT was given simultaneously with lumpectomy, (2) 2 additional UK centres offering TARGIT.

Participants: 485 UK patients (249 TARGIT, 236 EBRT) in the prepathology stratum of TARGIT-A trial (where randomisation occurred before lumpectomy and TARGIT was delivered simultaneously with lumpectomy) for whom geographical data were available and 22 patients treated with TARGIT after completion of the TARGIT-A trial in 2 additional UK breast centres.

A methodology for optimal placement of sensors in enclosed environments: A dynamical systems approach.

Air quality has been an important issue in public health for many years. Sensing the level and distributions of impurities help in the control of building systems and mitigate long term health risks. Rapid detection of infectious diseases in large public areas like airports and train stations may help limit exposure and aid in reducing the spread of the disease.

Limitations and tradeoffs in synchronization of large-scale networks with uncertain links.

The synchronization of nonlinear systems connected over large-scale networks has gained popularity in a variety of applications, such as power grids, sensor networks, and biology. Stochastic uncertainty in the interconnections is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in these physical and biological networks. We provide a size-independent network sufficient condition for the synchronization of scalar nonlinear systems with stochastic linear interactions over large-scale networks.