Effectiveness of EndoActivator, PATS Vario system, and XP-endo Finisher files on smear layer removal under scanning electron microscope: A comparative study.

Context: The smear layer may harbor many bacteria; hence, alternative methods are used to disrupt and remove biofilm.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of EndoActivator, PATS Vario System, and XP-endo Finisher files on smear layer removal using a scanning electron microscope.

Subjects And Methods: Sixty single-rooted extracted premolars with Vertucci Type 1 configuration were decoronated and divided into four groups.

Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with three roots and six root canals.

Variations in the root canal anatomy of a maxillary first molar are often challenging to diagnose and treat; thus, clinicians must have a thorough knowledge of the same. This case report highlights the successful nonsurgical endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with an unusual morphology of three roots and six root canals. A total of six root canals (mesiobuccal [MB] 1, MB2, MB3, distobuccal [DB] 1, DB2, and palatal) were detected after initiating root canal therapy and access cavity preparation.