PL-TOSP, the Novel Entry Point in Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Radiological Analysis with Prospective Surgical Evaluation and Review of Literature of Various Skin Entry Points.

 Aim of this study was to analyze variation in angulation of trajectories of various skin entry points in transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery with change in the physical parameters, namely, weight, abdominal girth, and body mass index and to validate our hypothesis that posterolateral (PL)-tip of spinous process (TOSP) entry has minimal variation in the angle of trajectory as compared with currently available skin entry points. The study included an analysis of the functional outcomes of these patients who underwent transforaminal endoscopy using the novel PL-TOSP technique, assessing improvements in pain and disability. Entry point in transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) was taken as a rough distance of 10 to 12 cm from midline as proposed by Kambin whereas Yeung and Tsou advised entry point as distance between the center of the disc space and the posterior skin line measured on lateral.

An algorithm for selection of full endoscopic approach for symptomatic nerve root decompression.

Background Context: Both Transforaminal (TF) and Interlaminar (IL) endoscopic approaches are established techniques of decompression for lumbar compressive radiculopathy. In the absence of adequate literature, there is always some dilemma in selecting the approach for endoscopic decompression leading to long learning curves and high chances of inadequate decompression, iatrogenic instability, dural tear, or dysesthesia. Hence authors propose a new surgical nomenclature and algorithm for selection of endoscopic approach.

Impact of Body Weight, Height, and Obesity on Selection of Skin Entry Point for Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy.

 Prospective evaluation of the effect of physical parameters like height, weight and abdominal girth on different skin entry points in transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) in lower lumbar discs.  This prospective study involved 174 patients with unilateral radicular pain or discogenic back pain, central, paracentral disc herniations and lateral canal stenosis at the level from L3 to S1 radiologically confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and failed conservative trial for 6 weeks. All patients underwent measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal girth preoperatively.

Extramedullary myeloid sarcoma mimicking tuberculosis of spine: A case report and literature review.

Background: A definitive diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging. The "gold standard" is to obtain histopathological confirmation of the lesion. This analysis highlights how to avoid missing the diagnosis of an extramedullary myeloid sarcoma (EMS) versus TB.

Adolescent Lumbar Disc Herniation with a Peculiar Gait Pattern Managed by Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine Surgery.

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is common manifestation of a degenerative disease involving tensile failure of the annulus to contain the gel like nuclear portion of the disc. Lumbar herniated discs can often cause muscle weakness, reduced motor function, and change in walking capacity and gait pattern.

Case Presentation: We present the case of an 18-year-old obese hypertensive male, with multiple level lumbar disc herniation, with a neurological deficit and failed conservative treatment.

Suprailiac versus transiliac approach in transforaminal endoscopic discectomy at L5-S1: a new surgical classification of L5-iliac crest relationship and guidelines for approach.

Background: Approach to the L5-S1 level with transforaminal access can be challenging. Some surgeons employ the interlaminar or paraspinal endoscopic approach as an alternative apart from the other minimally invasive posterior surgical options. To precisely target and safely access disc herniations at L5-S1, the authors attempted to stratify patients into trans and supra iliac approach groups and propose a simple surgical classification based on the radiographic findings.

Anogenital distance is determined during early gestation in humans.

Study Question: Does cord blood androgen level obtained at birth affect the AGD in human newborns?

Summary Answer: In human newborns, though males have a significantly longer AGD compared to females (as early as 22 weeks of gestation) the AGD is not affected by androgen levels at birth in both the sexes.

What Is Known Already: Animal studies have reported a critical time period in early fetal life, termed the masculinization programming window (MPW) during which AGD is fixed by in utero androgen action and is unaffected by testosterone levels later during gestation. Thus, AGD may serve as a lifelong biomarker of androgen exposure during this window.

Comparison between antegrade intramedullary nailing (IMN), open reduction plate osteosynthesis (ORPO) and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in treatment of humerus diaphyseal fractures.

Introduction: The three currently used methods of treatment: namely open reduction plate osteosynthesis (ORPO), Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), antegrade intramedullary nailing(IMN) are all reported as satisfactory procedures for treatment of humeral shaft fractures. However none of the published reports have a comparison of superiority of one procedure over the other. We evaluated the clinical, radiological and functional outcome of the three procedures.

Patient motion correction for multiplanar, multi-breath-hold cardiac cine MR imaging.

Purpose: To correct for spatial misregistration of multi-breath-hold short-axis (SA), two-chamber (2CH), and four-chamber (4CH) cine cardiac MR (CMR) images caused by respiratory and patient motion.

Materials And Methods: Twenty CMR studies from consecutive patients with separate breath-hold 2CH, 4CH, and SA 20-phase cine images were considered. We automatically registered the 2CH, 4CH, and SA images in three dimensions by minimizing the cost function derived from plane intersections for all cine phases.