Direction and Range of Condylar Positional Changes in the First-Year Post-surgical Orthodontics Interventions in Adult Patients with Skeletal Class III Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: Assess the available scientific literature regarding the direction and extent of condylar positional changes during the first year of post-surgical orthodontics interventions in class III patients.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to March 2022 for studies involving the measurement of condylar positional changes after surgical treatment of Class III dentofacial deformity in adults with BSSO without or without Le Fort I osteotomies. The methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) was utilized to assess the risk of bias and quality of non-randomized studies.

Evaluation of a 3D-Printed Cleft Palate Obturator Using a Low-Dose Cone Beam Computed Tomography Acquisition Protocol: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology is increasingly utilized in the head and neck region and is valuable in treatment planning for cleft palate patients, potentially enabling the creation of 3D-printed obturators to assist with feeding and speech. This technical report investigates the feasibility of using data from a 360-degree CBCT scan to accurately produce a cleft palate obturator and assesses whether a lower-dose 180-degree CBCT scan can achieve a comparable result. A simulated cleft palate was crafted on a dehydrated human skull, which was then scanned using both 360-degree and 180-degree CBCT scanning protocols.

Three-dimensional Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Volume, and Condylar and Glenoid-fossa Morphology: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study.

Background: The condylar and glenoid fossa morphology can alter in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which can lead to changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space volume. Volumetric evaluation of TMJ can represent the entire three-dimensional (3D)-joint space between the condyle and glenoid fossa.

Aims: To perform 3D assessment of TMJ volume, condylar, and glenoid-fossa morphology using cone-beam computed tomography and evaluate the correlation between these parameters.

Variability associated with maxillary infrazygomatic crest and palatal bone width, height, and angulation in subjects with different vertical facial growth types: a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study.

Objectives: To assess the infrazygomatic crest (IZC) and palatal bone width, height, and angulation in patients with different vertical facial growth types as potential miniscrew insertion sites.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study, 162 subjects (81 males and 81 females, mean age 16.05 ± 0.

Newly Developed Low Dose 180-degree CBCT Protocol Reduces Radiation Dose Without Compromising Diagnostic Value.

Purpose: To compare the standard 360-degree CBCT acquisition protocol to the low dose 180-degree CBCT protocol for implant planning.

Materials And Methods: Two groups of patients, each consisting of 35 patients, were included in the study. The first group was imaged with the conventional 360-degree CBCT protocol, and the second group was imaged with the low dose 180-degree CBCT protocol.

Evaluation of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Changes in Patients With Class II Div 1 Malocclusion Treated With Twin Block Appliance.

Objective The study was focused on evaluating the change in mandibular morphology following the Twin Block appliance therapy and recording its effect on the maxilla and maxillary dentoalveolar complex. Also, the results of the Twin Block appliance between males and females were compared.  Material and methods In this two-armed retrospective cephalometric study, 30 patients (mean age 12 years) treated with Twin Block appliance for the period of 8-12 months were chosen, and their records were obtained to analyze.

Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Changes With Mandibular Expansion in Growing Children.

Introduction The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the skeletal and dentoalveolar parameters following the mandibular expansion with a banded appliance. It was also part of the study to evaluate the amount of dental expansion and assess the change in the intermolar and individual first molar angulation. The basal bone parameters were compared to assess the skeletal effect of removable mandibular expansion appliance therapy.

Bridging Neuroscience and Robotics: Spiking Neural Networks in Action.

Robots are becoming increasingly sophisticated in the execution of complex tasks. However, an area that requires development is the ability to act in dynamically changing environments. To advance this, developments have turned towards understanding the human brain and applying this to improve robotics.

Vibrational Force on Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to systematically gather and analyze the current level of evidence for the effectiveness of the vibrational force in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). This systematic review was conducted using three electronic databases: Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar until March 2022. The search was done through the following journals: , , , , and .

Radiographic and histological assessment of root resorption associated with conventional and mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion: a systematic review.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate root resorption after maxillary expansion with conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion appliances (MARPE) using 2D and 3D radiographic methods and histologic methods of measuring root resorption.

Search Methods And Selection Criteria: A search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, Dissertations & Theses Global, ClinicalTrials.gov registry, ISRCTN Registry, National Research Register, OpenGrey, and the Trip Database was performed.

Management of Anterior Open Bite and Skeletal Class II Hyperdivergent Patient with Clear Aligner Therapy.

In orthodontics, patients with hyperdivergent facial types or problems in the vertical dimension are often challenging to treat with predictable treatment results. Conventionally along with fixed appliances, a headgear, posterior bite block, extraction, temporary anchorage devices, or orthognathic surgery are preferable approaches to treat such patients. This case report illustrates a non-extraction, non-surgical orthodontic treatment of 5 mm anterior open bite in a non-growing adult patient, utilizing clear aligner therapy.

Evaluation of interproximal reduction in individual teeth, and full arch assessment in clear aligner therapy: digital planning versus 3D model analysis after reduction.

Aim: To evaluate the correspondence between the interproximal reduction (IPR) performed clinically and that programmed in ClinCheck® and further assess which teeth showed an amount of implemented IPR (I-IPR) that corresponds with that programmed in ClinCheck®.

Materials And Methods: Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) ClinCheck® digital models for 75 subjects (30 males and 45 females), mean age (38 ± 15) years, were included. To calculate the amount of I-IPR, Ortho Analyzer software (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to measure the mesiodistal widths for the maxillary and mandibular teeth from second premolar to the contralateral second premolar on the initial (T0) and final (T1) STL models.

Racial and gender differences of cervical vertebral maturation staging between African Americans versus Caucasian patients of various age groups: A retrospective study.

Background And Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to compare CVM staging between African American (AA) and Caucasian (CC) subjects, grouped based on gender. The secondary objectives were to conduct a CVM comparison of (1) male vs. female subjects, grouped based on their race, and (2) AA vs.

Long-term assessment of conventional and mini-screw-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the nasal cavity.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term effects of mini-screw-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE), rapid palatal expansion (RPE), and controls on the nasal cavity with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 180 CBCT scans that were part of a previous randomized trial were evaluated retrospectively for 60 patients at pretreatment (T1), postexpansion (T2), and posttreatment (T3). Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups: MARPE, RPE, and controls (time period T1 to T3; MARPE: 2 years 8 months; RPE: 2 years 9 months; control: 2 years 7 months).

Where is the center of resistance of a maxillary first molar? A 3-dimensional finite element analysis.

Introduction: The center of resistance (C) is regarded as the fundamental reference point for predictable tooth movement. Accurate estimation can greatly enhance the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement. Only a handful of studies have evaluated the C of a maxillary first molar; however, most had a low sample size (in single digits), used idealized models, or involved 2-dimensional analysis.

Comparison of anterior maxillary and mandibular alveolar parameters in African American and Caucasian women: A retrospective pilot study.

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the thickness and height of alveolar bone around the maxillary and mandibular incisors. Additionally, this study aimed to compare bone parameters between Caucasian (CC) and African American (AA) female patients.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective pilot study, 50 female subjects (25 CC and 25 AA) were included.

A Missed Case of Osteoid Osteoma of the Acetabulum Treated with a Novel Computed Tomography-Guided Technique - A Case Report.

Introduction: Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoblastic bone tumor that mostly arises from the long bones. The acetabulum is a rare site for osteoid osteoma. Moreover, juxta-articular location of the lesion can be associated with delayed diagnosis.

Survival estimates and risk factors for failure of palatal and buccal mini-implants.

Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the success and survival rates of palatal and buccal mini-implants for different locations and treatment requirements. The secondary objective was to evaluate risk factors influencing the survival of mini-implants.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort, records of 127 orthodontic patients with 257 mini-implants were included after imposing inclusion/exclusion criteria.

The effect of the local administration of biological substances on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of human studies.

Background: The influence of different biological agents on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been extensively reviewed in animal studies with conflicting results. These findings cannot be extrapolated from animals to humans. Therefore, we aimed to systematically investigate the most up-to-date available evidence of human studies regarding the effect of the administration of different biological substances on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

Is there a relationship between mandibular cortical bone thickness and orthodontic treatment time?

Objectives: To determine whether there was a correlation between patients' bone thickness and time spent in orthodontic treatment. The secondary aim was to study the influence of Angle classification, extraction treatment, and age on overall treatment duration.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, records of 971 orthodontic patients from two centers were reviewed and 500 subjects were included after imposing inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Variability associated with mandibular buccal shelf area width and height in subjects with different growth pattern, sex, and growth status.

Introduction: The primary objective of the study was to quantitatively analyze the width and height of the mandibular buccal shelf area (MBS) at 3 different potential locations for mini-implant placement. In addition, we aimed to compare and contrast the bone parameters of the MBS to study the correlation between different growth status (growing or nongrowing), facial types (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent), and sex differences (male or female).

Methods: In this retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study, 678 subjects were included.

Effect of positional errors on the accuracy of cervical vertebrae maturation assessment using CBCT and lateral cephalograms.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of single plane and multiplane rotational errors in yaw, pitch, and roll of the head while recording the lateral cephalogram on CVM (cervical vertebrae maturity) assessment.

Methods: A total of 40 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and 360 lateral cephalograms were analyzed for patients with different rotations: Controls (no rotation), Y5 (yaw 5° rotation), Y10 (yaw 10° rotation), R5 (roll 5° rotation), R10 (Roll 10° rotation), P5 (pitch 5° rotation), P10 (pitch 10° rotation), YRP5 (yaw, roll, and pitch 5° rotation), and YRP10 (yaw, roll, and pitch 10° rotation). The C2, C3, and C4 concavity and their base-anterior ratio and posterior-anterior ratio were measured.

Incidental findings of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and its variability based on age and sex.

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders image analysis criteria, assessed the severity of incidental osteoarthritic changes affecting the TMJ, and evaluated the correlations of sex and age with the prevalence and severity of TMJ-OA.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study assessed 145 randomly selected cone-beam computed tomography scans (261 TMJs) from the authors' institutional maxillofacial radiology archive following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The criteria described by Ahmad et al.

Three-dimensional evaluation of the mandibular symphyseal region in block graft harvesting for dental implants using cone-beam computed tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the quantity and quality of the mandibular anterior alveolar bone in terms of alveolar width, density, and total alveolar height (TAH) based on dental status, gender, and age. Additionally, this study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the available alveolar height for graft harvesting (AHGH) and examine its variability based on the aforementioned factors.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cone-beam computed tomographic study included a total of 100 subjects.

High-Quality and High-Yield RNA Extraction Method From Whole Human Saliva.

Background: Human saliva has been identified as a novel, practical, and noninvasive source of biomarkers and genetic materials. However, it is equally challenging due to the availability of an abundance of impurities in the form of microbes and other proteinaceous compounds. The objective of this study was to develop a robust, reproducible, and economic method of extracting high-yield and high-quality RNA from whole human saliva.