Prolonged viral shedding and antibody persistence in patients with COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 as a new global threat has affected global population for one year. Despite the great effort to eradicate this infection, there are still some challenges including different viral presentation, temporal immunity in infected individuals and variable data of viral shedding. We studied 255 COVID-19 suspected individuals to assess the viral shedding duration and also the antibody development against SARS-CoV-2 among the cases.

Vaccination with three tandem repeats of M2 extracellular domain fused to Leismania major HSP70 protects mice against influenza A virus challenge.

Influenza viruses are globally important respiratory pathogens with high degree of morbidity and mortality during annual epidemics. Influenza A vaccination has been challenged due to genetic evolution. M2 protein is the surface antigen of the virus and facilitates virus entry into the host cells.

Association of IFITM3 rs12252 polymorphisms, BMI, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia with mild flu in an Iranian population.

Background: IFITM3 has been suggested to be associated with infection in some ethnic groups. Diabetes and hypercholesterolemia are also important clinical conditions that can predispose individuals to infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs12252 C polymorphism, BMI, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia with mild flu in an Iranian population.

Rabbit nasal immunization against influenza by dry-powder form of chitosan nanospheres encapsulated with influenza whole virus and adjuvants.

Influenza virus is one of the main causes of respiratory diseases in human. Although different vaccines have been produced during past decades, there is still a huge demand for a safe influenza vaccine with the ability to induce mucosal immune responses and sufficient protection, especially in elderly patients. In this study, chitosan nanospheres were employed as the drug delivery system.

An H1-H3 chimeric influenza virosome confers complete protection against lethal challenge with PR8 (H1N1) and X47 (H3N2) viruses in mice.

Annual health threats and economic damages caused by influenza virus are still a main concern of the World Health Organization and other health departments all over the world. An influenza virosome is a highly efficient immunomodulating carrier mimicking the natural antigen presentation pathway and has shown an excellent tolerability profile due to its biocompatibility and purity. The major purpose of this study was to construct a new chimeric virosome influenza vaccine containing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins derived from the A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) and A/X/47 (H3N2) (X47) viruses, and to evaluate its efficacy as a vaccine candidate in mice.