Stability and adaptability of grain yield in quinoa genotypes in four locations of Iran.

The genotype × environment interaction is one of the effective factors in identifying and introducing cultivars with stable grain yield in different environments. There are many statistical methods for estimating genotype × environment interaction, among which AMMI and GGE-biplot analyses provide better and more interpretable results. The objective of this study was to assess the genotype × environment interaction, as well as the adaptability and stability of 40 quinoa genotypes.

Association study of morpho-phenological traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) using SSR markers.

In this study, the genetic and molecular diversity of 60 quinoa accessions was assessed using agronomically important traits related to grain yield as well as microsatellite (SSR) markers, and informative markers linked to the studied traits were identified using association study. The results showed that most of the studied traits had a relatively high diversity, but grain saponin and protein content showed the highest diversity. High diversity was also observed in all SSR markers, but KAAT023, KAAT027, KAAT036, and KCAA014 showed the highest values for most of the diversity indices and can be introduced as the informative markers to assess genetic diversity in quinoa.