Multi-omics informed mathematical model for meropenem and tobramycin against hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Hypermutable P. aeruginosa isolates frequently display resistance emergence during treatment. Mechanisms of such resistance emergence have not been explored using dynamic hollow-fiber studies and multi-omics-informed mathematical modeling.

Toward Decision Support System for Lower Limb Endovascular Revascularization.

Vascular surgeons take decisions on the revascularization technics when surgery is needed for patients with Lower Extremities Arterial Disease (LEAD). This decision requires experience, good knowledge of official recommandations and new technics and an exhaustive description of the patient status. The Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is a good candidate to clinical decision support.

Knowledge Models for Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines: Construction, Management and Usage in Question Answering.

An automated knowledge modeling algorithm for Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) extracts the knowledge contained in the CPG documents and transforms it into a programmatically interactable, easy-to-update structured model with minimal human intervention. The existing automated algorithms have minimal scope and cannot handle the varying complexity of the knowledge content in the CPGs for different cancer types. This work proposes an improved automated knowledge modeling algorithm to create knowledge models from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) CPGs in Oncology for different cancer types.

Exploring the fibrinolytic potential of marine Actinoalloteichus caeruleus isolated from Bay of Bengal coast.

Background: One of the main causes of several cardiovascular diseases that have an elevated mortality rate globally is intravascular thrombosis. The current fibrinolytic enzymes, are quite expensive and have a lot of side effects, thus it is necessary to develop alternate, economical techniques for the low-cost manufacture of these vital enzymes. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes have the capacity to break up these clots and are relatively cheaper with minimal side effects and quick growth rate.

Climatic drivers for assessment of false smut risk in rice ecosystems: A guide for planning effective management trials.

Emergence of false smut (RFS) in rice agroecosystems is causing significant yield losses due to its direct impact on grains. To assess the factors associated with host-pathogen interaction, maximum entropy principle is used to identify bioclimatic variables behind the geo-spatial distribution patterns of RFS. Bioclimatic variables with ecological significance, derived from the monthly temperature and precipitation, such as precipitation in the wettest month, mean temperature of the warmest quarter and precipitation seasonality are linked to the occurrence of the disease.

Investigation of physical, structural, optical, and luminescence properties of nickel oxide doped alkali zinco-borate glasses.

Glasses having the stoichiometry ratio [(70-x) BO-10NaO-20ZnO-xNiO] where 0.0 ≤ x < 0.3 mol% were synthesized using a melt quenching technique.

Analysing space-time patterns of maternal mortality attributed to anaemia in Karnataka, India: a spatial epidemiological study.

Background: Maternal health is a globally important health challenge and is the key indicator of healthcare services in any given region. One of the main objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 1-lakh live births.

Unlocking the Enigma of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Multi-phenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma: A Case With Aggressive Morphology but a Favourable Prognosis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known established causative agent for head and neck carcinomas, most commonly in the oropharynx. The sinonasal tract is increasingly recognised as a notable site for HPV-related carcinoma, with evidence suggesting a meaningful association with high-risk HPV. The patient is a 44-year-old female, who presented with a nasal septal growth.

Characterizing the mono- and triacylglycerol lipase (MAGL and TAGL) genes from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and elucidating their dynamics with biochemical traits linked with rancidity.

We cloned two variants of lipase gene-MAGL and TAGL from pearl millet. Lipase showed negative correlation with antioxidants and total phenolics. FAA can be used as marker for rancidity.

Gross anatomy of the visual processing centers of Hieroglyphus banian.

Hieroglyphus banian (H. banian) is a grasshopper species, endemic to South Asia. The optic lobe in Acrididae has been characterized to a great extent in orthoptera, predominantly using Locust species like Schistocerca gregaria, Schistocerca americana, and Locusta migratoria, which are closely related to each other.

Exploring Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Among Future Physicians: Insights From a Medical College in Central India.

Introduction: Medical students, as future healthcare professionals, are pivotal in the adoption and application of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical settings. Their ability to effectively engage with AI technologies is shaped by their understanding, attitudes, and perceived significance of AI in medicine. Given the growing prominence of AI in the medical field, it is crucial to evaluate how well-prepared medical students are to integrate and use these technologies proficiently.

Edge and texture aware image denoising using median noise residue U-net with hand-crafted features.

Image denoising is a complex task that always yields an approximated version of the clean image. Unfortunately, the existing works have focussed only on the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) metric and have shown no attention to edge features in a reconstructed image. Although fully convolution neural networks (CNN) are capable of removing the noise using kernel filters and automatic extraction of features, it has failed to reconstruct the images for higher values of noise standard deviation.

Evaluation of gestational nonpersistent pesticide exposure with newborn size and gestational length in rural Ghana using a novel time-varying extension of multiple informant models.

Background: Gestational pesticide exposure may negatively affect newborn outcomes. Prior results evaluating nonpersistent pesticides are inconsistent.

Objective: To examine associations between gestational exposure to nonpersistent pesticides and newborn outcomes and identify critical windows of susceptibility.

The nucleolin antagonist N6L and paclitaxel combination treatment could be a new promising therapeutic strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapy.

Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is one of the most devastating cancers with few clinical signs and no truly effective therapy. In recent years, our team has demonstrated that nucleolin antagonists such as N6L could be a therapeutic alternative for this disease. In order to study a possible clinic development of N6L (multivalent pseudopeptide), we undertook to study the effect of combination of N6L with chemotherapies classically used for PCa on the survival of pancreatic cancer cells.

Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes and inflammatory bowel disease: results from a registry-based study.

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the progression of high-grade dysplasia (HGD)/CRC in patients with hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes (HCSS) and concomitant inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

Methods: We described the natural history of a series of patients with confirmed diagnosis of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes (HCCSs) and concomitant IBDs who were referred to the Hereditary Digestive Tumors Registry at the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan.

Results: Between January 1989 and April 2024, among 450 patients with APC-associated polyposis and 1050 patients with Lynch syndrome (LS), we identified six patients with IBDs (five with UC, one with ileal penetrating CD) and concomitant HCCSs (five with LS, one with APC-associated polyposis).

The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Incidental Pulmonary Hydatidosis masquerading as Constitutional Symptoms.

Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a significant health concern in endemic regions. This case report aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges of pulmonary hydatid cysts in non-endemic areas, presenting a unique case of an incidental pulmonary hydatid cyst in a 31-year-old lactating female discovered during evaluation of non-specific constitutional symptoms.

The effect of a 14-day Gymnema sylvestre intervention to reduce sugar intake in people self-identifying with a sweet tooth.

Gymnema sylvestre (GS) contains gymnemic acids which can reversibly suppress sweet taste responses. This randomised crossover study aimed to investigate whether supplemental GS use can reduce sugar cravings, sweet food desire and consumption among adults that identify as high sweet food consumers (having a 'sweet tooth'). Participants were told three different mints were trialled to avoid bias.

3D modeling to predict vascular involvement in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: Current management of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (BR-PDAC) depends on the degree of involvement of the major arterial and venous structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate 3D segmentation and printing to predict tumor size and vascular involvement of BR-PDAC to improve pre-operative planning of vascular resection and better select patients for neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 16 patients with BR-PDAC near vascular structures who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) with or without vascular resection between 2015 and 2021.

Nanoengineered RF-Sputtered MnO Cathode Thin Films for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Insights into Diffusion Dynamics and Application Potential.

Manganese oxides are a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), but thin-film configurations remain underexplored. This study investigates the electrochemical dynamics of 60 nm thin MnO thin films, fabricated via RF magnetron reactive sputtering. It addresses the highest reported capacity (25 mAh/g) in thin film form, stability over 500 cycles, effective performance across varying current rates, surpassing previous studies and challenges such as phase stability, and capacity fading over extended cycling, aiming to enhance uniformity, minimizing diffusion barriers for improved performance.

A Literature Review on Oral Lumenoscopy: A Non-invasive Method for Diagnosing Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

Dentistry still faces difficulties in diagnosing oral precancer and cancer, especially when it comes to early phase changes or disease detection, evaluation, and treatment. In essence, oral lumenography is the process of identifying oral lesions using a chemiluminescent light source and a toluidine blue labeling system. Since neoplastic epithelial cells have a changed nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, acetic acid dehydration brings out this nuclear density and gives the tissue an "acetowhite" look.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Maxillofacial Fractures.

Facial bone fractures are a common occurrence in trauma cases, particularly in India where road traffic accidents contribute significantly. Over the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a potent instrument to help medical professionals diagnose and treat facial fractures. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis, that is, a quantitative and qualitative analysis, of publications focusing on the role of AI in detecting facial bone fractures.

The future of lactoferrin: A closer look at LipoDuo technology.

Background: Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional glycoprotein known for its roles in immune modulation, iron metabolism, and antimicrobial activity, has limited therapeutic efficacy due to poor bioavailability. Liposomal encapsulation of lactoferrin (LLf) offers a potential solution by improving its stability, absorption, and sustained release, making it a promising candidate for various clinical applications. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of LLf and plain Lf in cellular uptake, proliferation, and wound healing using HEK-293T and Caco-2 cell lines.

Comparative investigation of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma transcriptome to reveal potential candidate biomarkers: An explainable AI approach.

Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) present a variety of clinical symptoms, such as dyspnea and chest pain, complicating accurate diagnosis. NSCLC includes subtypes distinguished by histological characteristics, specifically lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). This study aims to compare and identify abnormal gene expression patterns in LUAD and LUSC samples relative to adjacent healthy tissues using an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework.