Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Using Multiparametric MRI, Biparametric MRI, and Clinical Parameters.

Introduction: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is gold standard for the primary diagnostic work-up of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The aim of this study was to assess the benefit of the perfusion sequence and the non-inferiority of an MRI without contrast administration (bpMRI) compared to mpMRI while taking clinical parameters into account.

Methods: In this retrospective, non-interventional study we examined MRI data from 355 biopsy-naïve patients, performed on a 3T MRI system, evaluated by a board-certified radiologist with over 10 years of experience with subsequent mpMRI-TRUS fusion biopsy.

Impact of specificity on cost-effectiveness of screening women at high risk of breast cancer with magnetic resonance imaging, mammography and ultrasound.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to analyze the comparative cost-effectiveness of MR-mammography vs conventional imaging in a screening setting for women with high risk of breast cancer, with particular focus on the impact of specificity of MRM.

Method: Decision analytic modelling and Markov Modelling were applied to evaluate cumulative costs of each screening modality and their subsequent treatments as well as cumulative outcomes in quality adjusted life years (QALYs). For the selected time horizon of 30 years, false positive and false negative results were included.

Cost-effectiveness of MR-mammography vs. conventional mammography in screening patients at intermediate risk of breast cancer - A model-based economic evaluation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of screening patients of intermediate risk of breast cancer with MR-Mammography (MRM) versus conventional mammography (XM).

Method: A decision model for both diagnostic modalities and a subsequent markov model for the simulation of follow-up costs and outcomes was developed. Input parameters were acquired from published literature for this markov modelling study.

[68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/mpMRI for local detection of primary prostate cancer in men with a negative prior biopsy].

Introduction And Objective:  Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) represents the current gold standard for the detection of primary prostate cancer (PC) after a negative biopsy. PSMA PET imaging has been introduced in the diagnostic work-up of PC with high accuracy, but is currently mainly utilised in the setting of biochemical recurrence. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of combined Ga-PSMA-11 PET/mpMRI imaging to detect PC in patients with previously negative prostate biopsies.

CXCR4-Targeted PET Imaging of Central Nervous System B-Cell Lymphoma.

C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a transmembrane chemokine receptor involved in growth, survival, and dissemination of cancer, including aggressive B-cell lymphoma. MRI is the standard imaging technology for central nervous system (CNS) involvement of B-cell lymphoma and provides high sensitivity but moderate specificity. Therefore, novel molecular and functional imaging strategies are urgently required.

PET imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in patients with primary and recurrent breast carcinoma.

Background: CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor frequently overexpressed in invasive breast cancer that has been shown to play a major role in signaling pathways involved in metastasis. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the diagnostic performance of CXCR4-directed PET imaging in patients with breast cancer using the recently introduced CXCR4-targeted PET probe Ga-Pentixafor.

Results: Thirteen patients with first diagnosis of breast cancer, four patients with recurrent disease after primary breast cancer, and one patient with axillary lymph node metastasis of unknown primary underwent CXCR4-targeted PET imaging using Ga-Pentixafor.

FDG/PET-CT-Based Lymph Node Atlas in Breast Cancer Patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to localize locoregional lymph node metastases using positron emission tomography with fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) data sets in a large cohort of patients and to evaluate the existing Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical target volume (CTV) and the European Society for Radiation Therapy & Oncology (ESTRO) CTV contouring guidelines.

Methods And Materials: A total of 235 patients with 580 FDG/PET-CT positive locoregional lymph node metastases were included in our analysis. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to their course of disease (primary vs recurrent breast cancer) and the presence or absence of distant metastasis at the time of the FDG-PET/CT staging (distant metastasis vs no distant metastasis).

Response assessment with the CXCR4-directed positron emission tomography tracer [Ga]Pentixafor in a patient with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the orbital cavities.

CXCR4 belongs to the family of chemokine receptors. Together with its sole known ligand CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha), it has a pivotal role during organogenesis and for homing of hematopoietic stem cells. CXCR4 is overexpressed in various malignancies, and this is often associated with poor prognosis.

Intrapatient Comparison of 111In-PSMA I&T SPECT/CT and Hybrid 68Ga-HBED-CC PSMA PET in Patients With Early Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection efficiency of In-PSMA-I&T SPECT/CT in comparison to hybrid Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET in patients with early recurrent prostate cancer.

Methods: Twenty-two patients (mean age, 68.2 ± 6.

Targeted positron emission tomography imaging of CXCR4 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia originates from leukemia-initiating cells that reside in the protective bone marrow niche. CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction is crucially involved in recruitment and retention of leukemia-initiating cells within this niche. Various drugs targeting this pathway have entered clinical trials.

First Experience with Chemokine Receptor CXCR4-Targeted PET Imaging of Patients with Solid Cancers.

Unlabelled: CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor that is overexpressed in various human cancers and is involved in tumor metastasis. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate a novel CXCR4-targeted PET probe in patients with solid cancers with reported in vitro evidence of CXCR4 overexpression and to estimate its potential diagnostic value.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with histologically proven pancreatic cancer, laryngeal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, sarcoma, or cancer of unknown primary underwent PET imaging using the novel CXCR4 nuclear probe (68)Ga-pentixafor.

[Combined PET-MRI of the abdomen].

The first fully integrated combined positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) scanners have been clinically available since 2010. Large prospective studies regarding indications and diagnostic accuracy of this new modality are not yet available; however, preliminary studies have shown a higher diagnostic accuracy and confidence compared to PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) in regions where MRI is known to be superior to CT, such as the liver. The benefit of MRI in accurate lesion characterization and the additional value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as a complementary functional modality by means of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is apparent in entities with low tracer uptake (e.

Computerized analysis of enhancement kinetics for preoperative lymph node staging in rectal cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

For this feasibility study, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (dceMRI) was performed preoperatively in 9 patients with histologically proven rectal carcinoma. A total of 41 lymph nodes detected were matched to histopathology. Their contrast enhancement patterns were evaluated using computer-aided analysis and categorized in persistent, plateau, and washout curve type.

Preoperative lymph node staging in patients with primary prostate cancer: comparison and correlation of quantitative imaging parameters in diffusion-weighted imaging and 11C-choline PET/CT.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of DWI and 11C-choline PET/CT in the assessment of preoperative lymph node status in patients with primary prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: Thirty-three patients underwent DWI and 11C-choline PET/CT prior to prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Mean standardised uptake value (SUV(mean)) and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of 76 identified lymph nodes (LN) were measured and correlated with histopathology.

Association between survival in patients with primary invasive breast cancer and computer aided MRI.

Purpose: To identify the potential of semi-quantitative enhancement-analysis in breast MRI to predict disease-related death in primary breast cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: The present study was planned and conducted according to international recommendations. All patients referred for pretherapeutic staging of primary breast cancer during 24 consecutive months were included into the study collective.

Noninvasive measurement of liver iron concentration at MRI in children with acute leukemia: initial results.

Background: Routine assessment of body iron load in patients with acute leukemia is usually done by serum ferritin (SF) assay; however, its sensitivity is impaired by different conditions including inflammation and malignancy.

Objective: To estimate, using MRI, the extent of liver iron overload in children with acute leukemia and receiving blood transfusions, and to examine the association between the degree of hepatic iron overload and clinical parameters including SF and the transfusion iron load (TIL).

Material And Methods: A total of 25 MRI measurements of the liver were performed in 15 children with acute leukemia (mean age 9.