Efficacy and Safety of Tetrabenazine in Reducing Chorea and Improving Motor Function in Individuals With Huntington's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that causes chorea and motor dysfunction due to a mutation in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. Tetrabenazine (TBZ) is used to treat HD-related chorea, but its efficacy and safety require further investigation. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of TBZ in reducing chorea and improving motor function in HD patients.

Prevalence of Depression in Patients and Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Depression is an illness prevalent worldwide and much more common in certain groups of people. Individuals suffering from breast cancer as well as the survivors of breast cancer are at an increased risk of developing depression. We conducted this systematic review using articles from different countries of the world to get an estimate of the prevalence of depression in this specified population.

Impact of Elevated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) on the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a type of cell signaling proteins that are mostly produced by macrophages. They are essential for a variety of biological activities involved in normal development. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is the newest and youngest member of the FGF endocrine subfamily, along with fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21).

Psychological Morbidity Among Dermatological Patients in a Rural Setting.

Background: Dermatological conditions have an impact on psychology of the patients. There is a dearth of studies regarding this field in Rural population of India.

Aims And Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the psychiatric morbidity in patients affected with Dermatological condition in a rural population and secondary objective is to assess the morbidity in dimensions of Depression Severity and the quality of life in the Emotional Sphere, Physical Symptoms, Psychosocial Functioning.

Clustering effects on discontinuous gold film NanoCells.

Reproducible negative differential resistance (NDR)-like switching behavior is observed in NanoCells. This behavior is attributed to the formation of filaments and clusters between the discontinuous gold films. Control experiments are performed by self-assembly of insulating molecules between the gold islands and conducting molecules on these islands.

Blockade of tolerance to morphine analgesia by cocaine.

Tolerance to morphine analgesia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by s.c. implantation of a morphine base pellet (75 mg) on the first and second day and determining the magnitude of tolerance 72 h after the first implant by s.

Interactions of cocaine with barbital, pentobarbital and ethanol.

This study deals with the interactions of cocaine with barbital, pentobarbital and ethanol in nontolerant and tolerant male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cocaine hydrochloride (50 mg) pellets implanted s.c.

Intravenous kinetics and metabolism of [15,16-3H]naltrexonium methiodide in the rat.

After a 4 mg kg-1 bolus intravenous dose of [15,16-3H]naltrexonium methiodide to the rat, brain to plasma concentration ratios of the compound were 0.031 to 0.228 between 0.

Stereospecific potentiation of opiate analgesia by cocaine: predominant role of noradrenaline.

Cocaine hydrochloride (50 mg) pellets implanted subcutaneously in male Wistar rats potentiated the analgesia of morphine, levorphanol, methadone and buprenorphine as measured by the tail-withdrawal test. Potentiated opiate analgesia was abolished by naloxone and further enhanced by desipramine and phenoxybenzamine. Yohimbine, alpha-methyl p-tyrosine, haloperidol, zimelidine, methysergide, p-chlorophenylalanine produced no significant effect on potentiated opiate analgesia.

Effect of caffeine on cocaine locomotor stimulant activity in rats.

The effect of caffeine on the locomotor stimulant activity induced by intravenous cocaine in rats was investigated. Low doses of caffeine (20 mg/kg IP) potentiated the locomotor activity induced by 1, 2.5 mg/kg intravenous doses of cocaine and higher doses of caffeine (50, 100 mg/kg IP) had no significant effect.

Disposition in the rat of buprenorphine administered parenterally and as a subcutaneous implant.

Disposition of [15, 16(n)-3H]buprenorphine in the rat has been investigated after a single 0.2 mg/kg i.v.

Potentiation of morphine analgesia by caffeine.

Significant potentiation of morphine (5 mg kg-1 s.c. or 1 mg kg-1 i.

Potentiation of morphine analgesia by subanesthetic doses of pentobarbital.

Pentobarbital pretreatment reportedly either inhibits, enhances or has no effect on morphine analgesia. The effect of subanesthetic doses of sodium pentobarbital (8-12 mg kg-1, SC) delivered via a delivery system on analgesia of morphine (5 mg kg-1, SC or 1 mg kg-1, IV) acutely administered 45 min after the sodium pentobarbital pellet implantation was assessed using the warm water (55 degrees C)-induced tail-withdrawal reflex in male Wistar rats. Significant potentiation of morphine analgesia was observed in sodium pentobarbital as compared to the placebo-pelleted animals.

Effect of diamorphine, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and ethanol on intravenous cocaine disposition.

The disposition of cocaine (1 mg kg-1) was altered by diamorphine (0.1 mg kg-1) and that of morphine (1 mg kg-1) was altered after their concurrent administration as a bolus i.v.

Increased brain uptake of morphine in the presence of the antihistamine tripelennamine.

Disposition of [6 3H (N)]morphine in plasma, brain and liver of rats was studied 15 min after intravenous injection of either a 2 mg kg-1 dose of morphine or a combination of the same dose of morphine with a 6 mg kg-1 dose of tripelennamine. The concentrations of morphine in brain and the brain to plasma morphine ratios in animals receiving the combination of drugs concurrently were significantly higher than those in the control morphine group. No significant differences were seen in the morphine or morphine metabolite concentrations in plasma and liver or liver to plasma morphine concentration ratios in the 2 groups.

Effect of chronic nicotine pre-treatment on phencyclidine (PCP) disposition in the rat.

Disposition of [3H] phencyclidine (5 mg kg-1 i.p.) in brain, liver and plasma of rats treated chronically with 0.

Effect of acute and chronic ethanol pre-treatment on the disposition of phencyclidine (PCP) in the rat.

Disposition of [H] Phencyclidine in brain, plasma and adipose tissue of rats acutely and chronically-treated with ethanol was studied using a method possessing high sensitivity and specificity for PCP. In rats acutely-treated with ethanol (5 g/kg PO dose) and PCP (10 mg/kg IP dose), dispositional factors did not play a role in the intensifies pharmacological and behavioral effects of PCP. However in rats chronically-treated with 2.

Metabolism of norcocaine, N-hydroxy norcocaine and cocaine-N-oxide in the rat.

1. The metabolism of [3H]norcocaine, N-hydroxy[3H]norcocaine and cocaine-N-oxide has been investigated in rats after i.v.

Plasma corticosteroid levels in rats maintained on a long-acting naltrexone delivery system.

A long-acting delivery system for naltrexone has been described, which blocked the antinociceptive action of 10 mg kg-1 s.c. dose of morphine in rats for a period of 2 to 3 months.