Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Overactive Bladder and Urinary Incontinence Symptoms in Older Men: Ancillary Findings From a Randomized Trial.

Purpose: Our goal was to evaluate vitamin D supplementation for preventing or treating overactive bladder and urinary incontinence in men.

Materials And Methods: Ancillary study of men aged ≥55 years in VITAL (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL). Randomized treatments included: vitamin D (cholecalciferol), marine omega-3 fatty acids, or matching placebo.

Effects of vitamin C supplementation on gout risk: results from the Physicians' Health Study II trial.

Background: Short-term randomized trials suggest that a 500 mg/d vitamin C supplement reduces serum urate, whereas observational studies show vitamin E is inversely associated with gout risk.

Objectives: We evaluated the effect of supplemental vitamin C (prespecified primary exposure) and vitamin E (prespecified secondary exposure) on new diagnoses of gout.

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of data from the Physicians' Health Study II, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled factorial trial of randomized vitamin C (500 mg/d) and vitamin E (400 IU every other day).

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on urinary incontinence in older women: ancillary findings from a randomized trial.

Background: Observational studies among older women have associated vitamin D insufficiency with a greater prevalence and incidence of urinary incontinence. However, little is known about the effect of vitamin D supplementation in reducing urinary incontinence.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the frequency of urinary incontinence in older women.

Effect of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Kidney Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes that can lead to end-stage kidney disease and is associated with high cardiovascular risk. Few treatments are available to prevent CKD in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To test whether supplementation with vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acids prevents development or progression of CKD in type 2 diabetes.

Vitamin D and omega-3 trial to prevent and treat diabetic kidney disease: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), defined as reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), elevated urine albumin excretion, or both that is clinically attributable to diabetes, is a common and morbid diabetes complication. Animal-experimental data, observational human studies, and short-term clinical trials suggest that vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplements may be safe and inexpensive interventions to reduce the incidence and progression of DKD. The Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial to Prevent and Treat DKD (VITAL-DKD) was designed as an ancillary study to the VITAL trial of 25,871 US adults.

Baseline characteristics of participants in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL).

Evidence for a role of supplemental vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acids in preventing cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains inconclusive and insufficient to inform nutritional recommendations for primary prevention. The VITamin D and Omega-A 3 TriaL (VITAL) is an ongoing nationwide, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to fill this knowledge gap. The study population consists of 25,874 U.