Glucose Variability in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Associations with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity increases in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the impact of fat accumulation on glucose dynamics in T1D is poorly understood. We assessed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) parameters in patients with T1D depending on their body weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity.

Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Nocturnal High- and Low-Glucose Prediction in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

Glucose management at night is a major challenge for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially for those managed with multiple daily injections (MDIs). In this study, we developed machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models to predict nocturnal glucose within the target range (3.9-10 mmol/L), above the target range, and below the target range in subjects with T1D managed with MDIs.

Urinary Excretion of Biomolecules Related to Cell Cycle, Proliferation, and Autophagy in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Dysregulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and autophagy plays a pivotal role in diabetic kidney disease. In this study, we assessed urinary excretion of molecular regulators of these processes that mediate their effects via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in subjects with long-term type 2 diabetes (T2D) and different patterns of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We included 140 patients with T2D and 20 non-diabetic individuals in a cross-sectional study.

Nocturnal Glucose Patterns with and without Hypoglycemia in People with Type 1 Diabetes Managed with Multiple Daily Insulin Injections.

Nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) is a potentially dangerous and underestimated complication of insulin therapy. In this study, we aimed to determine which patterns of nocturnal glucose profiles are associated with NH in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) managed with multiple daily insulin injections. A dataset of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) recordings obtained from 395 adult subjects with T1D was used for modeling.

Medical Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics-2022.

The analysis of molecular mechanisms of disease progression challenges the development of bioinformatics tools and omics data integration [...

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients Following Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Time in Range and Glucose Variability.

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) can improve long-term patient survival and restore endogenous insulin secretion in recipients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). There are currently few data on glucose fluctuations assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) after SPKT. Aim: to evaluate CGM-derived time in range (TIR) and glucose variability (GV) in patients with T1D and functioning pancreatic grafts after SPKT.

Urinary Markers of Tubular Injury and Renal Fibrosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Different Phenotypes of Chronic Kidney Disease.

This study assessed the urinary excretion of markers and mediators of tubular injury and renal fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-albuminuric and albuminuric patterns of chronic kidney disease (CKD). One hundred and forty patients with long-term T2D and different patterns of CKD and twenty non-diabetic individuals were included. Urinary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), glutathione-S-transferase α and π (GST-α and GST-π), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), type I and type IV collagen (Col1 and Col4), bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP-7), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were assessed by ELISA.

Factors associated with trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and normal bone mineral density.

Background: Osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognized as a widespread comorbidity leading to excess mortality and an enormous healthcare burden. In T2D, bone mineral density (BMD) may underestimate the risk of low-energy fractures as bone quality is reduced. It was hypothesized that a decrease in the trabecular bone score (TBS), a parameter assessing bone microarchitecture, may be an early marker of impaired bone health in women with T2D.

Machine Learning Models for Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Prediction in Hospitalized Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.

Nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) is a dangerous complication of insulin therapy that often goes undetected. In this study, we aimed to generate machine learning (ML)-based models for short-term NH prediction in hospitalized patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The models were trained on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data obtained from 406 adult patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital.

Glucose variability in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: Relations with body composition, insulin secretion and sensitivity.

Background And Aims: To estimate the determinants of glucose variability (GV) in young and middle-aged non-obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) we assessed relations between GV parameters, body composition, insulin secretion and sensitivity indices.

Methods: Thirty individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) and twenty overweight subjects were included. 24-hour mean glucose, time in range, time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE), continuous overlapping net glycemic action (CONGA), J-index, lability index (LI), mean absolute glucose (MAG), M-value, high blood glucose index (HBGI), low blood glucose index (LBGI) were derived from continuous glucose monitoring.

Carotid Artery Disease in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Factors and Biomarkers.

Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and, especially, carotid artery stenosis (CAS), are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors and biomarkers of subclinical CA and CAS in T2D individuals. High-resolution ultrasonography of carotid arteries was performed in 389 patients.

Hypoglycemia, Vascular Disease and Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes: Insights from Text Mining-Based Reconstruction and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Gene Networks.

Hypoglycemia has been recognized as a risk factor for diabetic vascular complications and cognitive decline, but the molecular mechanisms of the effect of hypoglycemia on target organs are not fully understood. In this work, gene networks of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's disease were reconstructed using ANDSystem, a text-mining-based tool. The gene network of hypoglycemia included 141 genes and 2467 interactions.

Medical Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Aid in Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Human Diseases.

Molecular mechanisms of human disease progression often have complex genetic underpinnings, and sophisticated sequencing approaches coupled with advanced analytics [...

Empagliflozin alleviates podocytopathy and enhances glomerular nephrin expression in diabetic mice.

Background: Modern guidelines recommend sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as the preferred antihyperglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the renal protective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors are not fully understood.

Aim: To estimate the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), on the structure of podocytes and nephrin expression in glomeruli in diabetic mice.

Bioinformatic Reconstruction and Analysis of Gene Networks Related to Glucose Variability in Diabetes and Its Complications.

Glucose variability (GV) has been recognized recently as a promoter of complications and therapeutic targets in diabetes. The aim of this study was to reconstruct and analyze gene networks related to GV in diabetes and its complications. For network analysis, we used the ANDSystem that provides automatic network reconstruction and analysis based on text mining.

Multiplex Bead Array Assay of a Panel of Circulating Cytokines and Growth Factors in Patients with Albuminuric and Non-AlbuminuricDiabetic Kidney Disease.

A panel of cytokines and growth factors, mediating low-grade inflammation and fibrosis, was assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and different patterns of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with long-term T2D (N = 130) were classified into four groups: no signs of CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m without albuminuria; albuminuria and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.

Optical uncaging of ADP reveals the early calcium dynamics in single, freely moving platelets.

Platelet activation is considered to be a cornerstone in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The assessment of platelet activation at the single-cell level is a promising approach for the research of platelet function in physiological and pathological conditions. Previous studies used the immobilization of platelets on the surface, which significantly alters the activation signaling.

SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin and DPP4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Reactivate Glomerular Autophagy in Mice, a Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

Recent data have indicated the emerging role of glomerular autophagy in diabetic kidney disease. We aimed to assess the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin, the DPP4 inhibitor linagliptin, and their combination, on glomerular autophagy in a model of type 2 diabetes. Eight-week-old male mice were randomly assigned to treatment with empagliflozin, linagliptin, empagliflozin-linagliptin or vehicle for 8 weeks.

Risk factors and urinary biomarkers of non-albuminuric and albuminuric chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: A number of recent studies indicate a transformation in the natural course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients: an increasing prevalence of declined renal function without proceeding to the accompanying elevation of albuminuria. It has been suggested that albuminuric and non-albuminuric CKD patterns could be different in their phenotypes and pathogenic mechanisms.

Aim: To identify the risk factors and biomarkers of albuminuric and non-albuminuric patterns of CKD in patients with T2D.

Circulating Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1/CCN4) is a novel biomarker of adiposity in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1, or cellular communication network factor 4 (CCN4), a member of CCN family of secreted, extracellular matrix associated signaling proteins, recently was validated as a novel adipose tissue derived cytokine.

Objective: To assess the relationships between circulating CCN4, adipose tissue distribution and function, and chronic low-grade inflammation in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We observed 156 patients with type 2 diabetes and 24 healthy controls.