Bacterial lipopolysaccharide model of neuroinflammation-associated neurodegeneration in Wistar rats: A comparison between different durations of lipopolysaccharide induction.

Background And Aim: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation can be the most dependable animal model for studying neurodegeneration mechanisms driven by systemic inflammation-induced neuroinflammation. Hence, this study aimed to standardize the LPS model of neuroinflammation by comparing the effect of relatively low-dose LPS administered for different durations on the induction of neurodegeneration in Wistar rats.

Materials And Methods: Six groups of six adult Wistar rats per group were used in the study.

Morphological study of the popliteus muscle-tendon complex in formalin embalmed adult cadavers.

Background: The dimensions of popliteus muscle and its tendon are subjected to variability in the origin, mode of insertion, innervation patterns and vascular supply. The aim of this study was to measure the length, thickness and width of the popliteus muscle and its tendon at its different parts. The objectives were to study the topographic anatomy of the neurovascular structures of the popliteus and also to determine the dimensions of the popliteo-fibular ligament.

Definitive chemo-radiotherapy in cervical oesophageal cancer: a comprehensive review of literature.

Background And Objectives: Despite decades of experience with definitive chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) in cervical oesophageal cancer (CEC), the loco-regional control and survival outcomes are dismal. This review evaluated the outcomes of various treatment strategies being commonly utilized.

Materials And Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify relevant articles on CEC published from years 2000-2023 addressing the predefined key questions.

Morphometry of the thyroid cartilage, epiglottis and piriform sinus: An anatomical study.

Background: The goal was to measure the piriform sinus, epiglottis, and thyroid cartilage in our sample population.

Methods: This study included 22 adult embalmed cadavers available in the Department of Anatomy. Dimensions were measured using a digital Vernier caliper.

Thickness and width of the menisci of adult knee joint: a descriptive cross-sectional observational study in cadavers.

Background: The goal was to determine the thickness and width of the knee joint meniscus at their different regions. The objective was to compare the dimensions at these regions and over the right- and left-sided specimens.

Methods: The present study included 50 adult cadaveric knee joints, and 100 menisci (50 medial menisci and 50 lateral menisci) were studied.

Virgin coconut oil - its methods of extraction, properties and clinical usage: a review.

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a processed edible oil, which is removed from the mature coconuts. It is a colourless water insoluble liquid and obtained by the hot and cold extraction processes. The nutritional components of VCO are mainly contributed to by lauric acid, its primary content.

"Superhero" concept to avoid anesthesia for daily radiation treatment in childhood cancer.

Advancements in therapeutic interventions have led to significant improvement in the overall management of childhood cancer. Radiotherapy forms an important component of their treatment. Modern radiotherapy technique where an optimal therapeutic ratio can be obtained demands proper and adequate immobilization of the child.

Nationwide Study to Assess the Psychosocial, Financial, and Professional Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Radiation Therapy Technologists.

Purpose: Radiation therapy technologists (RTTs), being the frontline health care workers, are vulnerable to COVID-19 disease and subsequent detrimental consequences of the pandemic. Hence, the study was undertaken for the comprehensive assessment of adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic on RTTs.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional, survey-based study was carried out among RTTs working in various cancer centers across India.

Distinct patterns of occurrence, common associations, and survival of patients with second primary maligancies: A 5-year single institute experience with review of literature.

Background: Multiple primary malignancy (MPM) is defined as occurrence of two or more synchronous or metachronous primary malignancies. With the rise in cancer burden and meticulous screening of index primary malignancy (IPM) during treatment, increased incidence of second primary malignancy (SPM) is expected. This study was undertaken with an attempt to analyze the incidence, commonest associations, management strategies, and clinical outcomes of MPM.

Dimensions of pes anserinus of the lower extremity, an anatomical study with its surgical implications.

The reconstructive surgeries utilize pes anserinus (PA) tendons, because of their lesser post-operative clinical deficits and donor site morbidity. These surgeries require anatomical knowledge about the extent of PA formation. The goal of this study was to determine the length and width of the PA formation.

Multinational Study to Assess Stress Levels Among the Health Care Workers of Radiation Oncology Community at the Outset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: To evaluate stress levels among the health care workers (HCWs) of the radiation oncology community in Asian countries.

Methods: HCWs of the radiation oncology departments from 29 tertiary cancer care centers of Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Nepal were studied from May 2020 to July 2020. A total of 758 eligible HCWs were identified.

Unique case of duplex interventricular branching from the left coronary artery.

We report a rare morphological variant of the left coronary artery in this case of a female embalmed cadaver, where in the heart was nourished by double anterior and posterior interventricular arteries. These were branches of the left coronary artery and it was also observed that distribution of right coronary artery was very limited. The deceased may have been without symptoms in her life, but a prior knowledge of this kind of presentation would be very much informative to the interventional cardiologist and cardiothoracic surgeons in their protocol of treatment.

A case of inferior alveolar nerve encircling the arteria maxillaris.

Here we report a case of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), which had variability in its formation. IAN was formed by dual roots, which were branching out from the posterior division of mandibular nerve. The observed roots were forming a loop around the pterygoid part of arteria maxillaris (MA).

Distinct demographic profile and molecular markers of primary CNS tumor in 1873 adolescent and young adult patient population.

Introduction: We present detailed demographic profile, tumor types, and their molecular markers in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients of age group between 15 and 39 years with primary central nervous system (PCNS) tumors, and compare with pediatric and adult patient populations.

Methodology: Demographic- and disease-related information of 1873 PCNS tumor patients of age 15-39 years registered between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2015 at our institution was analyzed with respect to their demographics and tumor subtypes. Various molecular markers for glial tumors and subgroup classification of medulloblastoma were evaluated for AYA, pediatric, and older adult patient populations.

Morphometric study of the semitendinosus muscle and its neurovascular pedicles in South Indian cadavers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the length of the semitendinosus muscle belly and its tendon in South Indian population and to study the topography and diameter of its neurovascular pedicles. The study included 46 formalin fixed human cadaveric lower limbs. The length of the semitendinosus muscle belly and its tendon were measured.

Variants of latissimus dorsi with a perspective on tendon transfer surgery: an anatomic study.

Background: The latissimus dorsi (LD) is often used for tendon transfers to treat massive irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. The operation requires the LD tendon to be mobilized to reduce tension on the tendon. In that respect, any connection between the LD tendon and contiguous muscles may hamper tendon mobility and affect the surgical outcome.

Management of Isolated Locoregional Recurrences in Breast Cancer: A Review of Local and Systemic Modalities.

Locoregional recurrence (LRR) after adequate treatment of primary breast cancer poses a therapeutic challenge. Advances in the management of breast cancer have led to significant improvements in survival. With this advantage, it is observed that the incidence of LRR has relatively decreased.

A Cephalometric Analysis on Magnitudes and Shape of Sella Turcica.

Familiarity with the shape and dimensions of sella turcica is important to recognize and manage pathological conditions of pituitary gland as well as for orthodontic treatment planning. The present study aims to describe the morphology and dimensions of sella turcica from Indian population, using lateral cephalograms to set a reference data for comparison among different races. The study used 36 lateral skull radiographs of both sexes between age group of 13 to 18 years.

The Paracondylar Skull Base: Anatomical Variants and Their Clinical Implications.

Aim: The knowledge of the vasculature around the paracondylar region is important in neurosurgical procedures such as the paracondylar and lateral supracondylar approaches. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of paracondylar emissary foramina in the adult skull bases and to study the morphology of condylar canals and hypoglossal canals.

Material And Methods: The present study included 48 adult human skulls that were obtained from the gross anatomy laboratory of our institution.

Morphological study of styloid process of the temporal bone and its clinical implications.

The objective of this study was to study the morphometry of the styloid process of temporal bone and prevalence of elongated styloid process. The morphology of elongated styloid process along with its embryological and clinical importance are discussed. The present study included 110 human dry skulls which were procured from the bone collections of the department of anatomy.

Morphometric study of the medial orbital wall emphasizing the ethmoidal foramina.

Purpose: Ethmoidal foramina on the medial orbital wall show a higher incidence of variation. Surgeons performing endonasal, anterior cranial fossa and medial orbital wall surgeries must be aware of these variations as they are a source of hemorrhage and also serve as landmark in proximity to the orbital apex.

Aim: The present study aims to describe the morphometric distances of various ethmoidal foramina between anterior lacrimal crest to optic canal in south Indian dry human skulls.

Synostosis of dorsolumbar spine: an anatomical investigation with emphasis on clinical and embryological details.

Purpose: The objectives were to study the morphology of fused vertebrae in thoracolumbar region.

Materials And Methods: The study included 729 thoracolumbar vertebrae which were macroscopically observed for the fusion and morphological details were observed.

Results: It was observed that, there was fusion in three of our specimens.

Anatomical and morphometric analysis of accessory infraorbital foramen.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the anatomical and morphometric variation in shape, frequency of occurrence, direction, and position of accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) in relation to infraorbital foramen (IOF) in cadaveric dry skulls to minimize clinical complications and aid in surgical maneuvering in the maxillofacial region and implementing the regional block anesthesia. The IOF is an important anatomical landmark in these surgical manipulations. Because there is limited literature available on AIOF, which transmits accessory branch of the infraorbital nerve, the present study was designed.