Phase II Study of Nanoliposomal Irinotecan (Nal-IRI) with 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin in Refractory Advanced High-Grade Neuroendocrine Cancer of Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) or Unknown Origin.

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are treated with a frontline platinum-etoposide combination with no standard second-line therapies. We explored a novel combination of nanoliposomal irinotecan (Nal-IRI), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and leucovorin (LV) in advanced refractory NECs and investigated the impact of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism on treatment outcomes and toxicity.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, single-arm, multi-center Phase 2 trial in advanced NEC patients of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) or unknown origin with progression or intolerance to first-line therapy.

Demographic Characteristics and Survival in Young-Onset Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Background/objectives: Recent epidemiological studies have revealed an upward trend in young-onset colorectal cancer (YOCRC) overall, whereas specific data on young-onset colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (YONEN) remain limited. This study investigated the demographic characteristics and survival trends in YONEN and compared these with those of young-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma (YOADC), the most common histologic subtype of YOCRC.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted from 2000 to 2019 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

TAS-102, Irinotecan, and bevacizumab in pre-treated metastatic colorectal cancer (TABAsCO), a phase II clinical trial.

Background: The efficacy of FOLFIRI plus an antiangiogenesis biologic agent as 2nd line therapy for metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma is limited. TAS-102 is a novel oral antimetabolite with a distinct mechanism of action from fluoropyrimidines. We evaluated the antitumour efficacy of TAS-102, irinotecan and bevacizumab in patients with pre-treated, advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma in a multicenter, phase II, single-arm study.

Exploring Demographic Differences and Outcomes in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as CRC diagnosed before age 50 years, has increased significantly worldwide. The majority of EOCRCs do not appear to be driven by genetic factors and may be influenced by environmental factors. We hypothesized that sociodemographic disparities exist in EOCRC.

Advances in borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers in oncology. Pancreatic cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. As the years have progressed, the importance of a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to pancreatic cancer care has been recognized and is now recommended in all major society guidelines.

Treating a Patient with Your Hands Tied: Acute Chest Syndrome in a Jehovah's Witness.

Acute chest syndrome (ACS), a vaso-occlusive crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia, is a life-threatening condition and a leading cause of death in these patients. It is treated with analgesics, antibiotics, intravenous fluid, supplemental oxygen (or ventilatory support in severe cases) with simple or exchange transfusion, being the mainstay of therapy. We report a young Jehovah's Witness (JW) patient with sickle cell anemia who presented with ACS.

Microbiological quality & incidence of organisms of public health importance in food & water in Ludhiana.

Bacteriological analysis of 713 samples of various types of foods and related articles and potable water samples from different places in Ludhiana, Punjab was carried out. The highest counts ranging from 2.5 x 10(6)-7.

ELISA for detection of heat stable enterotoxin producing Escherichia coli strains.

Among 557 strains of Esch. coli isolated from patients with acute diarrhoea, 392 (70.4%) isolates demonstrated ST production by ELISA.

Aeromonas-associated diarrhoea in north India.

The incidence of Aeromonas-associated diarrhoea in patients attending the hospital attached to the Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India was investigated during May 1984-May 1987. Microbiological examination of single faecal samples from 2,661 patients showed the presence of various enteropathogens of which details of only Aeromonas isolations are given and discussed in the present article. A small control sample of 105 age-matched healthy volunteers were also examined.

Seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli diarrhoea.

Enteroinvasive Esch. coli (EIEC) was implicated in 2.1 per cent (57 out of 2661) diarrhoeal patients investigated at Ludhiana (Punjab).

Phospholipase A production by isolates of Salmonella species.

The incidence of intra- and extra-cellular phospholipase-A production by Salmonella isolates from human, poultry and environmental material was investigated. Nearly 17 per cent (15/90) of the strains tested produced phospholipase A. Phospholipase production was encountered in S.

Bioecological factors & rotavirus diarrhoea.

Rotavirus was detected (using Rotalex) in 11.72 per cent (120 of 1024) children below 3 yr age with diarrhoea. None of the 25 healthy control children excreted rotavirus in their faeces.

Effects of aflatoxin on the immune system of the chick.

A decreased antibody response to injected sheep red blood cells and weight losses to the extent of 25-38% were observed in the bursa Fabricii and thymus in chicks fed an aflatoxin diet (10% w/w) for 3 weeks. The immune organs did not show any significant histopathological changes. The antibody titre decreased from day 6 of treatment onward until the 15th day, when the antibody titre had disappeared completely in the test chicks.

Factors affecting intra- and extracellular phospholipase A1 production by Salmonella newport.

The effect of various physico-chemical factors on production of intra- and extracellular phospholipase A1 by Salmonella newport was investigated. Maximum intracellular enzyme levels were observed when cells were grown in brain heart infusion broth, after 12 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Highest level of extracellular phospholipase A1, however, was seen in synthetic medium (pH 7.

Evidence for a chromosomally determined bacteriocin production by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Location of the genes responsible for pneumocin production in Klebsiella pneumoniae was examined by classical procedures. Conjugal intrageneric transfers, elimination experiments with various curing agents, high temperature and plasmid isolation procedures showed that this strain did not harbour any plasmid. Hence chromosomal location of the genetic determinants is suggested.

Effect of medium on the bacteriocin production by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The influence of growth media and media constituents on bacteriocin production by Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied. Among the standard laboratory media used trypticase soy broth (TSB) showed the maximum production and poor yields resulted from growth in peptone water and nutrient broth. A number of peptones differed in their bacteriocin production.

Susceptibility of multidrug-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to silver nitrate.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were checked for their sensitivity toward silver nitrate by the tube-dilution method. Nearly 75% of MDR strains could be successfully inhibited by 5 mg/L of silver nitrate. A significant correlation was observed between incidence of silver and trimoxazole resistance and silver and kanamycin resistance in these isolates.

Bacteriocin (klebocin) typing of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Three-hundred-forty-two clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were subjected to bacteriocin (klebocin) typing using six standard klebocin-producer strains (153-158). The overall typability was 72.8 per cent.

Effect of certain chelating agents on the antibacterial action of silver nitrate.

EDTA and EGTA when used in conjunction with AgNO3 enhanced the antibacterial action of the latter significantly, so that strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus resistant to 70 micrograms/ml of AgNO3 were observed to became sensitive to 10 micrograms/ml of this compound. The synergistic effect of EDTA appears to be due to a mechanism other than the removal of lipopolysaccharide from outer membrane, as its effect could be observed in even non-LPS containing gram positive S. aureus cells.

Effect of nutritional factors on aflatoxin B1 inhibition of growth in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi.

The extent of growth inhibition by aflatoxin B1 in S. typhi and E. coli was greater in the presence of sodium citrate or sodium phosphate, palmitic and stearic acid than aflatoxin B1 alone.

Biochemical and immunological effects of aflatoxins in rabbits.

Aflatoxicosis caused impairment of specific and nonspecific immune responses to varying degrees in rabbits. However, the impairment was of lesser extent as compared to the earlier reports in other laboratory animals. The nonspecific response, as determined by phagocytic index was 60% of the control in test rabbits.