Isolated from Grapevine Is a Mycoparasite of .

The best known spp. are important pathogens of small-grain cereals and/or endophytes of diverse monocot hosts. This study is the first report of isolated from asymptomatic grapevine tissues.

A modified CTAB method for the extraction of high-quality RNA from mono-and dicotyledonous plants rich in secondary metabolites.

Background: High-quality RNA extraction from woody plants is difficult because of the presence of polysaccharides and polyphenolics that bind or co-precipitate with the RNA. The CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) based method is widely used for the isolation of nucleic acids from polysaccharide-rich plants. Despite the widespread use of the CTAB method, it is necessary to adapt it to particular plant species, tissues and organs.

Untargeted metabolomic analyses support the main phylogenetic groups of the common plant-associated Alternaria fungi isolated from grapevine (Vitis vinifera).

Alternaria, a cosmopolitan fungal genus is a dominant member of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) microbiome. Several Alternaria species are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, which are particularly relevant to plant protection and food safety in field crops. According to previous findings, the majority of Alternaria species inhabiting grapevine belong to Alternaria sect.

Comprehensive analyses of the occurrence of a fungicide resistance marker and the genetic structure in Erysiphe necator populations.

Genetically distinct groups of Erysiphe necator, the fungus causing grapevine powdery mildew infect grapevine in Europe, yet the processes sustaining stable genetic differences between those groups are less understood. Genotyping of over 2000 field samples from six wine regions in Hungary collected between 2017 and 2019 was conducted to reveal E. necator genotypes and their possible differentiation.

Mycoparasitism capability and growth inhibition activity of Clonostachys rosea isolates against fungal pathogens of grapevine trunk diseases suggest potential for biocontrol.

The present study aimed to examine the capability of Clonostachys rosea isolates as a biological control agent against grapevine trunk diseases pathogens. Five C. rosea and 174 pathogenic fungal strains were isolated from grafted grapevines and subjected to in vitro confrontation tests.

Botrytis cinerea expression profile and metabolism differs between noble and grey rot of grapes.

Botrytis cinerea, the pathogen causing grey rot (GR) with important economic losses in fruit crops, can also cause noble rot (NR) of grape berries under certain environmental conditions, leading to metabolic and physical changes necessary for producing highly regarded botrytized wines. The functional genes involved in biochemical processes in these harmful vs. beneficial berry rot types are still scarcely understood.

Metatranscriptomic Analyses Reveal the Functional Role of in Biochemical and Textural Changes during Noble Rot of Grapevines.

, can lead to the formation of noble rot (NR) of grape berries under certain environmental conditions, resulting in favored metabolic and physical changes necessary for producing highly regarded botrytized wines. The functional genes involved in the textural and biochemical processes are still poorly characterized. We generated and analyzed metatranscriptomic data from healthy (H) berries and from berries representing the four stages of NR from the Tokaj wine region in Hungary over three months.

Redox and Hormonal Changes in the Transcriptome of Grape () Berries during Natural Noble Rot Development.

Noble rot is a favorable form of the interaction between grape ( spp.) berries and the phytopathogenic fungus . The transcriptome pattern of grapevine cells subject to natural noble rot development in the historic Hungarian Tokaj wine region has not been previously published.

The Compositional Turnover of Grapevine-Associated Plant Pathogenic Fungal Communities Is Greater Among Intraindividual Microhabitats and than Among Healthy and Esca-Diseased Plants.

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a major threat to the wine industry, causing yield loss and dieback of grapevines. While the increasing damage caused by GTDs in recent decades have spurred several studies on grapevine-associated pathogenic fungi, key questions about the emergence and severity of GTDs remain unanswered, including possible differences in plant pathogenic fungal communities in asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines. We generated fungal DNA metabarcoding data from soil, bark, and perennial wood samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines sampled in three .

The fungus Kalmusia longispora is able to cause vascular necrosis on Vitis vinifera.

Fungal diseases in agronomically important plants such as grapevines result in significantly reduced production, pecuniary losses, and increased use of environmentally damaging chemicals. Beside the well-known diseases, there is an increased interest in wood-colonizing fungal pathogens that infect the woody tissues of grapevines. In 2015, a traditional isolation method was performed on grapevine trunks showing symptoms of trunk diseases in Hungary.

: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family . Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded.

Paraffin oil induces resistance against powdery mildew in grapevine through salicylic acid signaling.

Background: Mineral oils have been widely used in the pest control of several crops. However, their mode of action is poorly understood, especially in the case of their antifungal properties. The possible direct fungicidal activity and the stress-inducing capability of paraffin oil on grapevine were examined using Vitis vinifera L.

Above-ground parts of white grapevine Vitis vinifera cv. Furmint share core members of the fungal microbiome.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a reservoir of fungal endophytes that may affect its growth, health status and grape production. Although there is growing interest in comparing fungal communities of mainly red grape varieties across various factors using only high-throughput sequencing, the small-scale mycobiome variations in geographically close vineyards need further examination. We aimed to characterize the fungal microbiome of the above-ground tissues of V.

Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Culturable Microbial Communities of Grape Berries Change Strongly during Noble Rot Development.

is a well-known pathogen of grapevine. However, under certain microclimatic conditions, infection results in noble rot, an essential process in the production of the world-known Tokaji wines in Hungary. We investigated the physico-chemical characteristics and culturable microorganisms associated with grape berries through several noble rot phases in the two main cultivars grown in Tokaj: cv.

A Fresh Look at Grape Powdery Mildew () A and B Genotypes Revealed Frequent Mixed Infections and Only B Genotypes in Flag Shoot Samples.

populations, causing powdery mildew of grapes, have a complex genetic structure. Two genotypes, A and B, were identified in most vineyards across the world on the basis of fixed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several DNA regions. It was hypothesized that A populations overwinter as mycelia in grapevine buds, giving rise to so-called flag shoots in spring, and are more sensitive to fungicides than B populations, which overwinter as ascospores and become widespread later in the season.

Australia: A Continent Without Native Powdery Mildews? The First Comprehensive Catalog Indicates Recent Introductions and Multiple Host Range Expansion Events, and Leads to the Re-discovery of as a New Lineage of the Erysiphales.

In contrast to Eurasia and North America, powdery mildews (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are understudied in Australia. There are over 900 species known globally, with fewer than currently 60 recorded from Australia. Some of the Australian records are doubtful as the identifications were presumptive, being based on host plant-pathogen lists from overseas.

diversity and pathogenicity revealed from a broad survey of grapevine diseases in Europe.

Species of are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on grapevines, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, including Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, cane bleaching, swelling arm and trunk cankers. In this study we explore the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of spp.

New and Interesting Fungi. 1.

This study introduces two new families, one new genus, 22 new species, 10 new combinations, four epitypes, and 16 interesting new host and / or geographical records. (based on ) is introduced as new family, with three new combinations. (based on ) is introduced to accommodate gen.

Comparison of Botrytis cinerea populations isolated from two open-field cultivated host plants.

The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is reported to infect more than 220 host plants worldwide. In phylogenetical-taxonomical terms, the pathogen is considered a complex of two cryptic species, group I and group II. We sampled populations of B.

No indication of strict host associations in a widespread mycoparasite: grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is attacked by phylogenetically distant Ampelomyces strains in the field.

Pycnidial fungi belonging to the genus Ampelomyces are common intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildews worldwide. Some strains have already been developed as commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs) of Erysiphe necator and other powdery mildew species infecting important crops. One of the basic, and still debated, questions concerning the tritrophic relationships between host plants, powdery mildew fungi, and Ampelomyces mycoparasites is whether Ampelomyces strains isolated from certain species of the Erysiphales are narrowly specialized to their original mycohosts or are generalist mycoparasites of many powdery mildew fungi.

First Report of Powdery Mildew on Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Caused by Golovinomyces biocellatus in Hungary.

Lemon balm is a well-known perennial, medicinal and culinary herb, and also a melliferous plant that is grown commercially in many parts of the world including Hungary. In October 2009, symptoms of powdery mildew infection were observed on lemon balm plants grown in several gardens in Budapest, Maklár, and Eger, Hungary, as well as in Ghenci, Romania. Abundant mycelium and conidial sporulation was observed on both leaf surfaces and stems.

Sexual recombination in the Botrytis cinerea populations in Hungarian vineyards.

Botrytis cinerea (anamorph of Botryotinia fuckeliana) causes gray mold on a high number of crop plants including grapes. In this study, we investigated the genetic properties of a grape pathogenic population of B. cinerea in the area of Eger, Hungary.