Safety assessment on CBD-rich hemp extract in sub-chronic cross-sex study with rats.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid from Cannabis sativa L., in which there is currently growing interest for medicinal use. Here, we focused on the safety and pharmacokinetics of a CBD-rich (77 %, w/w) full-spectrum hemp extract in male and female rats.

Striking Impact of Solvent Polarity on the Strength of Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes: A Nexus Between Theory and Experiment.

The binding free energy of hydrogen-bonded complexes is generally inversely proportional to the solvent dielectric constant. This occurs because the solvent-accessible surface area of the complex is always smaller than that of the individual subsystems, leading to a reduction in solvation energy. The present study explores the potential for stabilizing hydrogen-bonded complexes in a solvent with higher polarity.

Socio-demographic and other factors contributing to excessive leisure screen time in preadolescent children.

Objectives: Excessive screen use in early school age is associated with worsened health habits and negative child development in later age. We aimed to assess the time spent on modern and traditional screen-based devices and examine its associations with socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional observation study was conducted in Czechia, Slovakia and Finland between April and June 2021.

Tapinarof and its structure-activity relationship for redox chemistry and phototoxicity on human skin keratinocytes.

Tapinarof (3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene) is a therapeutic agent used in the treatment of psoriasis (VTAMA®). In this study, we examined the redox behaviour, (photo)stability, (photo)toxicity and (bio)transformation of tapinarof in the context of a structure-activity relationship study. Selected derivatives of the structurally related tapinarof were investigated, namely resveratrol, pterostilbene, pinosylvin and its methyl ether.

Elevated Lp(a): Guidance for Identifying and Managing Patients.

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a unique low-density lipoprotein-like lipoprotein that is considered an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis. The Lp(a) molecule also contains apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B, which collectively promote atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Lp(a) is highly genetic and minimally responsive to nonpharmacological measures.

The Stability of Hydrogen-Bonded Ion-Pair Complex Unexpectedly Increases with Increasing Solvent Polarity.

The generally observed decrease of the electrostatic energy in the complex with increasing solvent polarity has led to the assumption that the stability of the complexes with ion-pair hydrogen bonds decreases with increasing solvent polarity. Besides, the smaller solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) of the complex in comparison with the isolated subsystems results in a smaller solvation energy of the latter, leading to a destabilization of the complex in the solvent compared to the gas phase. In our study, which combines Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Infrared Spectroscopy experiments, quantum chemical calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we question the general validity of this statement.

Cysteamine Chemisorption at Mercury-Solution Interfaces in the Context of Redox and Microdissociation Equilibria.

The redox behavior and chemisorption of cysteamine (CA) at a charged mercury surface are described, with an emphasis on its acid-base properties supported by molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations. It was found that CA forms chemisorbed layers on the surface of the mercury electrode. The formation of Hg-CA complexes is connected to mercury disproportionation, as reflected in peaks SII and SI at potentials higher than the electrode potential of zero charge (p.

Phytocannabinoids and gingival inflammation: Preclinical findings and a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial with cannabidiol.

Objective: The aim of this study was to: (1) evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and (2) to clinically monitor the effect of CBD in subjects with periodontitis.

Background: The use of phytocannabinoids is a new approach in the treatment of widely prevalent periodontal disease.

Materials And Methods: Cannabinoid receptors were analyzed by western blot and interleukin production detected using enzyme immunoassay.

Applications for ultrasound in pediatric surgery.

Ultrasound (US) use within pediatric surgery is expanding rapidly. While US guidance for central line placement has been common practice for many years now, advances in the quality of images, portability of US machines, and a lack of radiation associated with imaging has led to broader application in many other aspects of surgery, ranging from diagnostics to performing operations under the direction of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). The relatively short learning curve for providers along with excellent image quality in children due to their small size provides an easy, effective imaging modality with diverse applications.

The Endocannabinoid System - The Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth in High-Risk Women: Protocol of a Study.

Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, even in developed countries. Prediction of sPTB is therefore a valuable tool to reduce the associated risks. The current standard for the prediction of sPTB consists, in addition to anamnestic data, of previous sPTB and previous second trimester miscarriage, measurement of cervical length by transvaginal ultrasound (TVU CL) together with assessment of fetal fibronectin levels in cervicovaginal fluid.

Local and cooperative structural transitions of double-stranded DNA in choline-based deep eutectic solvents.

The possibility of using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as co-solvents for stabilizing and preserving the native structure of DNA provides an attractive opportunity in the field of DNA biotechnology. The rationale of this work is a systematic investigation of the effect of hydrated choline-based DES on the structural stability of a 30-base-pair double-stranded DNA model via a combination of spectroscopic experiments and MD simulations. UV absorption and CD experiments provide evidence of a significant contribution of DESs to the stabilization of the double-stranded canonical (B-form) DNA structure.

Electrochemistry in sensing of molecular interactions of proteins and their behavior in an electric field.

Electrochemical methods can be used not only for the sensitive analysis of proteins but also for deeper research into their structure, transport functions (transfer of electrons and protons), and sensing their interactions with soft and solid surfaces. Last but not least, electrochemical tools are useful for investigating the effect of an electric field on protein structure, the direct application of electrochemical methods for controlling protein function, or the micromanipulation of supramolecular protein structures. There are many experimental arrangements (modalities), from the classic configuration that works with an electrochemical cell to miniaturized electrochemical sensors and microchip platforms.

A Systematic Review of Dynamic Forces and Kinematic Indicators of Front and Roundhouse Kicks across Varied Conditions and Participant Experience.

Impact force and maximum velocity are important indicators of kick efficiency. Therefore, this systematic review compared the front kick (FK) and roundhouse kick (RK), including their impact force, maximum velocity, angular velocity, and execution time, considering various target types and experience levels. Following PRISMA guidelines, the Web of Science, SportDiscus, and PubMed were systematically searched for articles published from January 1982 to May 2022.

Hepatic biotransformation of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids and activity screening on cytochromes P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.

This study examined the biotransformation of phytocannabinoids in human hepatocytes. The susceptibility of the tested compounds to transformations in hepatocytes exhibited the following hierarchy: cannabinol (CBN) > cannabigerol (CBG) > cannabichromene (CBC) > cannabidiol (CBD). Biotransformation included hydroxylation, oxidation to a carboxylic acid, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, dehydration, loss/shortening of alkyl, glucuronidation and sulfation.

Hexahelicene DNA-binding: Minor groove selectivity, semi-intercalation and chiral recognition.

In this contribution, we focused on a fundamental study targeting the interaction of water-soluble [6]helicene derivative 1 (1-butyl-3-(2-methyl[6]helicenyl)-imidazolium bromide) with double-stranded (ds) DNA. A synthetic 30-base pair duplex, plasmid, chromosomal calf thymus and salmon DNA were investigated using electrochemistry, electrophoresis and spectroscopic tools supported by molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanical approaches. Both experimental and theoretical work revealed the minor groove binding of 1 to the dsDNA.

Seasonal and weekly fluctuations in alcohol use in the Czech Republic.

Sezónní a týdenní výkyvy v užívání alkoholu patří mezi doposud neanalyzované aspekty epidemiologického výzkumu užívání alkoholu českou dospělou populací. Cílem studie je nabídnout deskriptivní a analytický pohled na sezónní a týdenní vzorce užívání alkoholu u české dospělé populace. Výzkum byl realizován na reprezentativním vzorku 809 osob v rámci on-line šetření v prostředí Českého národního panelu.

Association of Rural Residence With Surgical Outcomes Among Infants at US Children's Hospitals.

Objectives: Disparities in pediatric health outcomes are widespread. It is unclear whether rurality negatively impacts outcomes of infants with surgical congenital diseases. This study compared outcomes of rural versus urban infants requiring complex surgical care at children's hospitals in the United States.

Lipid-based liquid crystalline materials in electrochemical sensing and nanocarrier technology.

Some biologically active substances are unstable and poorly soluble in aqueous media, at the same time exhibiting low bioavailability. The incorporation of these biologically active compounds into the structure of a lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystalline phase or nanoparticles can increase or improve their stability and transport properties, subsequent bioavailability, and applicability in general. The aim of this short overview is (1) to clarify the principle of self-assembly of lipidic amphiphilic molecules in an aqueous environment and (2) to present lipidic bicontinuous cubic and hexagonal phases and their current biosensing (with a focus on electrochemical protocols) and biomedical applications.