Spontaneous running wheel exercise during pregnancy prevents later neonatal-anoxia-induced somatic and neurodevelopmental alterations.

Introduction: About 15-20 % of babies that suffer perinatal asphyxia die and around 25 % of the survivors exhibit permanent neural outcomes. Minimization of this global health problem has been warranted. This study investigated if the offspring of pregnant female rats allowed to spontaneously exercise on running wheels along a 11-day pregnancy period were protected for somatic and neurodevelopmental disturbs that usually follow neonatal anoxia.

Evidence for compensatory evolution within pleiotropic regulatory elements.

Pleiotropy, measured as expression breadth across tissues, is one of the best predictors for protein sequence and expression conservation. In this study, we investigated its effect on the evolution of regulatory elements (CREs). To this end, we carefully reanalyzed the Epigenomics Roadmap data for nine fetal tissues, assigning a measure of pleiotropic degree to nearly half a million CREs.

The efficacy of interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus-A living systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: While previously considered a transient condition, with no lasting adverse impact, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is now a well-established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The risk of developing T2DM appears to be particularly high in the first few years after childbirth, providing a compelling case for early intervention. This review provides an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce incidence of T2DM in women with a recent history of GDM.

Electrophilic Behavior of the "Nucleophilic" Pyramidane: Reactivity of Ge-Pyramidane towards Organolithium Reagents.

The particular reactivity of the recently discovered class of the main group element polyhedral clusters, pyramidanes, remains largely unexplored. In this communication, we report the reaction of the germapyramidane with tert-butyllithium leading to the rather unusual organogermanium compound [Li(thf)]⋅2, as the product of the formal insertion of a Ge-apex into the C-Li bond. This reactivity mode exemplifies unusual electrophilic behaviour of a pyramidane, which is a priori considered as a nucleophilic reagent.

The Effect of Weight Loss Through Lifestyle Interventions in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for >50% of heart failure cases and is associated with significant morbidity and health system burden. To date, there have been limited treatment options proven to improve outcomes in these patients, with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors the first class of drug to demonstrate significant clinical benefits, including reductions in heart failure hospitalisation. Obesity is associated with all forms of heart failure and has been linked with worse clinical outcomes.

Pyramidanes: newcomers to the anti-van't Hoff-Le Bel family.

In this feature article, an overview of the chemistry of pyramidanes, as a novel class of main group element clusters, is given. A general introduction sets the scene, briefly presenting the non-classical pyramidal geometry of tetracoordinate carbon, as opposed to the classical tetrahedral configuration. Pyramidanes, as the simplest organic compounds possessing a pyramidal carbon atom, are then discussed from both computational and experimental viewpoints, to show the theoretical predictions on the stability and thus the feasibility of pyramidanes has finally culminated in the isolation of the first stable representatives of the pyramidane family featuring heavy main group elements at the apex of the square pyramid.

Organogermanium Analogues of Alkenes, Alkynes, 1,3-Dienes, Allenes, and Vinylidenes.

In this review, the latest achievements in the field of multiply bonded organogermanium derivatives, mostly reported within the last two decades, are presented. The isolable Ge-containing analogues of alkenes, alkynes, 1,3-dienes, allenes, and vinylidenes are discussed, and for each class of unsaturated organogermanium compounds, the most representative examples are given. The synthetic approaches toward homonuclear multiply bonded combinations solely consisting of germanium atoms, and their heteronuclear variants containing germanium and other group 14 elements, both acyclic and cyclic, are discussed.

Physical activity and acute exercise benefit influenza vaccination response: A systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis.

Whether the vaccine adjuvant potential of acute exercise is uniform among different populations, e.g., inactive persons, is unknown.

Canagliflozin and atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A secondary analysis from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial and meta-analysis.

Aim: To assess the effects of canagliflozin on the incidence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL) and other key cardiorenal outcomes in a pooled analysis of the CANVAS and CREDENCE trials.

Materials And Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes and high risk of cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease were included and randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo. We explored the effects of canagliflozin on the incidence of first AF/AFL events and AF/AFL-related complications (ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack/hospitalization for heart failure).

Deep learning for the classification of cervical maturation degree and pubertal growth spurts: A pilot study.

Objective: This study aimed to present and evaluate a new deep learning model for determining cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) degree and growth spurts by analyzing lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Methods: The study sample included 890 cephalograms. The images were classified into six cervical stages independently by two orthodontists.

From SiO to Alkoxysilanes for the Synthesis of Useful Chemicals.

The transformation of silica (SiO) to useful chemicals is difficult to explore because of the strength of the Si-O bond and thermodynamic stability of the SiO structure. The direct formation of alkoxysilanes from SiO has been explored as an alternative to the carbothermal reduction (1900 °C) of SiO to metallic silicon (Si) followed by treatment with alcohols. The base-catalyzed depolymerization of SiO with diols and monoalcohols afforded cyclic silicon alkoxides and tetraalkoxysilanes, respectively.

Machine learning and orthodontics, current trends and the future opportunities: A scoping review.

Introduction: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in various ways in medicine and dentistry. Advancements in AI technology show promising results in the practice of orthodontics. This scoping review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of AI-based models employed in orthodontic landmark detection, diagnosis, and treatment planning.

Impact of neonatal anoxia and hypothermic treatment on development and memory of rats.

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is well established as a standard treatment for term and near-term infants. However, therapeutic effects of hypothermia following neonatal anoxia in very premature babies remains inconclusive. The present rodent model of preterm neonatal anoxia has been shown to alter developmental milestones and hippocampal neurogenesis, and to disrupt spatial learning and memory in adulthood.

Analgesic and adjuvant properties of exercise with vaccinations in healthy young population.

: Exercise holds the potential to be beneficial if used during vaccination processes by 1)exercise-induced analgesia to reduce pain associated with vaccination, 2)immune-enhancing effects, improving antibody responses to the vaccine, and 3)reducing local and systemic adverse reactions to the vaccine. This study examines whether analgesic responses could be enhanced locally in the exercising limb to further benefit the use of exercise during influenza vaccination processes to minimize vaccine-related pain and improve antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccines.: 57 participants (22.

Sustainable Catalytic Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate.

New sustainable approaches should be developed to overcome equilibrium limitation of dialkyl carbonate synthesis from CO and alcohols. Using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and CO with Zr catalysts, we report the first example of sustainable catalytic synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC). The disiloxane byproduct can be reverted to TEOS.

From a (Silatrigerma)cyclobutenylium Ion to a (Silatrigerma)cyclobutenyl Radical and Back.

(Silatrigerma)cyclobutenylium ion salt was readily prepared by the reaction of cyclotrigermene with an equimolar amount of [EtSi(benzene)][B(CF)] in benzene. The homoaromatic nature of was firmly established by its crystallographic analysis, which revealed a highly folded SiGe four-membered ring (40.4°) and a remarkably short transannular Ge-Ge distance of 2.

Impairment of nociceptive responses after neonatal anoxia correlates with somatosensory thalamic damage: A study in rats.

Chronic neuropathic pain resulting from damage to the central or peripheral nervous system is a prevalent and debilitating condition affecting 7-18% of the population. Symptoms include spontaneous pain, dysesthesia, paresthesia, allodynia and hyperalgesia. The reported sensory symptoms are comorbid with behavioral disabilities such as insomnia and depression.

COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, was first reported in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020 and as of April 17, 2020, 210 countries are affected with >2,000,000 infected and 140,000 deaths. The estimated case fatality rate is around 6.

Associations between health literacy and health care utilization and mortality in patients with coexisting diabetes and end-stage renal disease: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives Health literacy encompasses a broad skill set linked to patients' self-management ability and the complexity of their health care environments. Self-management in the context of multimorbidity is particularly challenging, placing patients at risk of poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prognostic associations between health literacy domains, depression, and 12-month health care utilization and mortality in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease (DM-ESRD).

Opioid Crisis: Equianalgesia Dosing Considerations for Home Care Cancer Patients.

As a result of the opioid epidemic, strategies have been implemented to reduce opioid consumption. These include regulatory policies, reduced opioid production, and nonopioid approaches for pain management. Although these policies may reduce opioid prescribing, there has been an unintended consequence for patients with severe cancer pain.

The effect of time interval of vaginal ring pessary replacement for pelvic organ prolapse on complications and patient satisfaction: A randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Limited data are available on the effect of the time interval of vaginal ring pessary replacement for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This study investigated the effect of different replacement intervals on complications and patient satisfaction.

Study Design: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary urogynecology center.

Tuning Philicity of Dichlorosilylene: Nucleophilic Behavior of the Dichlorosilylene-NHC Complex ClSi-IPr.

Novel unsaturated four-membered ring disilene, 3,3-dichloro-1,2,4,4-tetrakis[di--butyl(methyl)silyl]-Δ-1,2,3,4-trisilagermetene, was synthesized by the ring expansion reaction of the three-membered ring 1-disilagermirene with the silylene-NHC complex ClSi-IPr. The mechanism of the unexpected formation of this compound was verified by high-level density functional theory computations, which revealed n-π as the dominant orbital interaction.

Diurnal Variations in Vascular Endothelial Vasodilation Are Influenced by Chronotype in Healthy Humans.

The time of day when cardiovascular events are most likely to occur is thought to be aligned with the circadian rhythm of physiological variables. Chronotype has been shown to influence the time of day when cardiovascular events happen, with early chronotypes reported to be more susceptible in the morning and late chronotypes in the evening. However, no studies have investigated the influence of chronotype on physiological variables responsible for cardiovascular regulation in healthy individuals.

Acute exercise does not improve immune response to HPV vaccination series in adolescents.

• Acute exercise is known to enhance less immunogenic response immunogenic antigens. • In a 3-dose HPV vaccine series, exercise did not change antibody titers. • Potential effects of exercise during first dose in series yet to be examined.